Abstract: To address common problems such as poor seeding quality and self-cleaning performance during peanut plot breeding, a suction type seed metering device for peanut plot breeding was developed and designed．By studying mechanical characteristics and structural mechanism of suction type seed metering device, an innovative seed metering and self-cleaning device was designed．A movable partitioned seed hopper was adopted to achieve zero seed storage and self-cleaning．Bench test results showed that optimal working parameters for seed metering device were a seed metering cylinder speed of 25 r/min, a seed suction hole diameter of 6 mm, and a working negative pressure of −5 kPa．Performance indicators for seed metering device were qualification rate of 91.3%, reseeding rate of 4.1%, missed seeding rate of 4.6%, self-cleaning rate of 100%, and all results met seeding requirements．