Abstract: Diseases pests and weeds pose threats to crop yields and food security．While research background of lengthy and challenging agricultural control methods, chemical control with risk of pesticide residues, and non-toxic, harmless, and highly effective thermal physical control was reviewed．Heat sources classifications and irreversible protein denaturation mechanism underlying thermal physical sterilization and insecticide action were summarized．Comparative analysis was conducted on domestic and international research progress on various thermal physical technologies, including flame, steam, solar energy, and microwave systems．Existing limitations in precision, intelligent equipment development, and deep integration with artificial intelligence were identified for current thermal physical control technologies．Future research directions and recommendations were proposed, emphasizing deep integration of thermal physical control equipment with artificial intelligence technologies and precision thermal physical control systems establishment．