Abstract: To investigate changes in fatty acid composition of peanut varieties in Shandong Province under climate and cultivation conditions in northeast China, crude fat and fatty acid composition were measured in five peanut varieties before sowing and after harvest．Locally grown main variety was selected as control group to compare fatty acid composition differences among varieties from different sources．Results showed that three peanut varieties cultivated in Shandong Province exhibited decreased crude fat and oleic acid content, while linoleic acid content increased．Changes in other fatty acid compositions were mainly influenced by variety differences, with relatively minor correlations between compositions．Huayu 52 demonstrated the highest yield when planted in another area, significantly higher than local varieties．Changes in its crude fat and fatty acids content were relatively minor, and was suitable for promotion and cultivation in Liaoning Province．