Abstract: As an important component of modern crop genetic breeding, molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS）has evolved into an effective approach for maize genetic improvement．Current applications and future prospects of MAS technology in maize genetic enhancement were systematically reviewed, with a focus on analyzing specific application cases in stress resistance, quality, yield, plant architecture, and male sterile line breeding．Additionally, existing challenges and limitations in current application of maize MAS technology were discussed．Development trends of integrating MAS technology with emerging technologies such as genomic selection and gene editing were explored, along with its potential in achieving precision breeding and design breeding in maize．