Abstract: Microwave drying technology shows remarkable potential in agricultural product processing due to its advantages such as high dehydration efficiency, selective heating, and low energy consumption．Microwave drying technological principle was systematically expounded, with a comparative analysis on advantages and disadvantages relative to traditional drying methods, and microwave combined drying technologies' necessity and application value were demonstrated．By summarizing research progress in multi-physics coupling models, electromagnetic field's dynamic characteristics, temperature and moisture distribution during microwave drying process were revealed．Aiming to address quality problems caused by inhomogeneity in microwave drying, influence factors were analyzed and optimization strategies were put forward．It could provide a theoretical basis for process optimization and large-scale application of microwave drying technology．