Abstract: As growing global attention to ecological environments and China's vigorous promotion of ecological civilization construction, ecological restoration, and protection have intensified, soil erosion has emerged as a critical constraint on regional sustainable development．As a vital ecological barrier zone in China, Yunnan Province faces particularly severe soil erosion challenges due to its unique geographical environment and climatic conditions．To investigate current status and attribution of soil erosion in Yunnan Province, and formulate scientific governance strategies, a integrated analysis approach, field investigation, and statistical data modeling were employed to systematically examine natural and human-induced mechanisms driving soil erosion．Results revealed that in 2023, total soil erosion area in Yunnan Province reached 96175 km², accounting for 24.40% of province's total land area．Mild erosion constituted 68.21%, while severe erosion and extreme constituted for 3.90%．Compared to 2018, soil erosion decreased by 6.98%, with a significant reduction in areas experiencing high-intensity erosion and a 3.62% increase in mild erosion areas, demonstrating effective governance outcomes．Through regionally classified management, institutional innovations, and key ecological restoration projects, Yunnan Province has realized both ecological and economic benefits including reduced soil erosion intensity, enhanced water conservation capacity, and improved land productivity, while also driving improvements in social welfare．Findings indicated that soil and water conservation efforts in Yunnan Province required continuous optimization of governance frameworks and reinforced ecological barrier functions to support regional sustainable development with scientific backing．