Abstract: Development of new energy agricultural machinery serves as a key approach to promoting agricultural green transition, cultivating new quality productive forces and realizing “dual carbon” targets．Worldwide, this sector is developing rapidly．Small-to-medium power pure electric farm machinery has been widely commercialized, and pure electric, hybrid and solar energy systems are commonly equipped on agricultural robots．China has also intensified efforts in the research, development and deployment of related technologies．Currently, small-to-medium power electric tractors have realized industrial application, whereas high-power hybrid and pure electric tractors are still in the stage of large-scale field validation．Against the backdrop of the upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan, domestic development of new energy agricultural machinery is confronted with three major challenges in technology, industrial chain and practical application．In the technical dimension, prominent bottlenecks lie in insufficient battery energy density, imperfect energy management and limited adaptability to complex working conditions．From an industrial perspective, high costs, potential safety risks and incomplete supporting infrastructure have become major constraints．In practical application, poor scenario adaptability and low market acceptance remain tough issues．To address these problems, China shall adopt a development strategy characterized by multi-energy integration, rationally configured power levels and scenario-oriented differentiated development．Priorities should be given to three aspects to establish a full-process new energy agricultural machinery system for ploughing, planting, harvesting and post-processing, driving the upgrade of China's agricultural machinery industry from large-scale development to high-quality development．Firstly, achieve key technological breakthroughs in high-energy-density batteries, intelligent energy management and integrated equipment design．Secondly, optimize infrastructure and standard systems．Thirdly, strengthen policy coordination and rational layout of technological innovation．