Abstract: Diesel is the main input in agricultural production. In recent years，diesel prices have risen up，increasing agricultural production costs therefore，raising the risks of price fluctuations of agricultural products.Through the analysis of the characteristics of diesel consumption，it becomes clear that agricultural diesel consumption shows an uptrend，with significant product differentiation and regional difference.In this paper，the authors create a panel data model to analyze factors affecting agricultural diesel consumption.The empirical results indicate that the mechanical power of agriculture and agricultural mechanization level are the main factors that impact the regional agricultural diesel consumption.The two factors are positively correlated respectively with agricultural unit diesel consumption.To solve the problems of excessive consumption and lack of provision，this paper tries to provide some suggestions.