Abstract: Microscope is widly used in biology and medical.At the end of the 1990′s，life sciences was rising vigorously.Microscope played an important role in the discovery of nanometer material，and gradually applied to agricultural field.It had become an essential tool for scienfic research.New research progress of ultra-high resolution microtechnique were overviewed.application of scanning electronic microscope and transmission electronic microscope in physical agriculture，entomology，feed，plant growth and development，and cellular tissues were introduced.Severe situations of microscope manufacturing industry in China were indicated.Role of microscope in future is highlighted.