Abstract: The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization，rice is a major food crop in Guizhou province.Production in food production occupies an irreplaceable position.Comprehensive production capacity of rice is improved what is the long-term goal to protect the province′s food security and rural incomes.In recent years，with the urbanization in China，rural young labour′s loss is serious，seasonal labor shortage，labor costs increased substantially，and land abandoned phenomena have occurred.So labor cost exceeded mechanical operation cost in hilly and mountainous area.Realistic scale of rice mechanization was improved in Guizhou province with developing rice full mechanization，and establishing production technology system of rice full mechanization.