Abstract: To explore the relationship between rural settlement distribution and agricultural land in karst region，by three typical karst area counties in Chongqing as the research object，the difference of the settlement distribution of different land types in different buffer distance on the GIS buffer analysis and landscape indices analysis were analyzed.The results showed that there had existed difference on landscape pattern characteristics of the different landscape patches in the same geomorpy，and the same landscape plaque also had the different spatial distribution patterns in the different geomorphologic landscape.The settlement landscape pattern had the proportion that covering land was less，the average patch area was small，the weighted average patch fractal dimension were small and distributed sparsely scattered，etc.The distribution characteristics of settlement were different because of the land types or the physiognomy sections.The landform and land types and the water were important factors that affect the settlement distribution difference，and there existed space convergence between agricultural land distributions and the rural settlements distribution.