Abstract: With the rapid development of economy，environment and resources are facing grim situation of hitherto unknown，and crop straw fermentation provides an important way to solve environmental pollution and develop new energy.Based on analysis of domestic straw biogas utilization situation，and through comparison of crop straw biogas fermentation technology by cellulase hydrolysis technology with existing straw fermentation technology，it not only greatly played straw methane production potential，and greatly shorten hydraulic retention time，reduced scale of construction，greatly reduced engineering overall investment.Application of cellulase hydrolysis technology in crop straw biogas fermentation was a simple way to solve straw fermentation.At the same time，potential and prospect of straw biogas development in China were discussed.