Abstract: SiO2 aerogel is a kind of nanometer materials.As a new type of thermal insulation materials，it has some characteristics such as low bulk density，low thermal conductivity，low dielectric constant，high specific surface area，and high porosity.Based on introduction of development history of SiO2 aerogel，physical structure characteristics and preparation methods commonly used in the experiment，its application prospect in agricultural construction were discussed.Considering of SiO2 aerogel characteristics such as low density，high porosity，SiO2 aerogel as a thermal insulation material used in greenhouse palisade structure，facilities breeding ground and its application in agricultural building heating system could be done to explore，in order to promote its application in the agricultural construction research.