Abstract: Based on status quo surveys of villagers′ autonomy in poor areas of Western Hu′nan，problems and reasons of villagers′ autonomy were analyzed.Development countermeasures of villagers′ autonomy were proposed.They were achieving scientific butt between township governance and villagers′ autonomy，enhancing villagers′ self-government body awareness，improving ability to perform their duties for system of villagers′ autonomous organizations，and giving full play to role of other rural NGO′s.