Abstract: China is an agricultural country，straw resource reserves are extremely rich.To maximize crop straw resource utilization，change of composition，physical properties must be real-time monitored in the process of straw for collection，storage and use.Therefore，the demand for crops straw measurement inspection technology continues to grow，and its research and application value is great.Current situation of China′s crop straw resources and use value of straw were firstly introduced.Metrological testing technology aimed at 4 parameters such as moisture content，element content，lignin cellulose content and calorific value were analyzed.At the same time，detection methods of physical characteristics of straw stalk were also discussed.