Abstract: Taking soybean varieties（lines）with 30 different phosphorus efficiency genotypes as materials， changes in yield components of 3 kinds of soybean and their grain yield path were studied.Results showed that yield of low phosphorus efficiency genotype and intermediate varieties were higher than high phosphorus efficient genotypes under the condition of applying phosphate fertilizer.But yield of high phosphorus efficient genotypes was significantly higher than low phosphorus efficiency genotype and intermediate varieties under the condition of not applying phosphate fertilizer.Under conditions of this experiment，there was a positive correlation among pod number per plant，grain number per plant and yield.But there was a negative correlation between 100 grain quality and yield.Path analysis showed that all varieties yield 3 factors had positive effect on the yield.And the number of pods per plant and grain number per plant were the most contribution to the yield.Indirect path coefficients were negative or positive in different phosphorus efficiency genotypic soybeans，this indicated restrict or accelerate development and potential of increment for three yield components.Therefore，it was suggested to grow high phosphorus efficiency fertilize phosphate cultivars in infertile soils and the phosphorus efficiency fertilize phosphate cultivars in fertile soil，super yield soybean breeding in the future should be aroused more attention.