Abstract: South Xinjiang is an important cotton producing area in China.Average covering area of south Xinjiang in past 5 years was 1.326 78 million hm2，cotton coated rate was 100%.With enlargement of coated area and rising usage of mulch，mulch pollution of cotton field is becoming more and more serious，large number of mulch residues in soil not only affects normal growth and development of cotton，but also poses a great threat to agricultural ecological environment.According to different tillage layers and different areas classification statistics，data of cotton fields covered more than 10 years of each counties and cities in south Xinjiang were collected by five sampling method.Results showed that average cotton plastic mulch residues was 237.36 kg/hm2 in south Xinjiang，residual mulch were distributed in 0～30 cm，mulch residues of three levels（surface，0～12 cm，12～30 cm）respectively account for 8.33%，53.99% and 37.68%.Plastic mulch residues had significant difference in each counties and round fields of south Xinjiang，plastic mulch residues in counties were higher than round fields，residual mulch mainly existed in soil in size of 4～25 cm2.Plastic mulch pollution of cotton field in south Xinjiang is growing related to local farming and management style.Control measures for plastic mulch pollution were put forward from standard production of mulch，mechanized recycling and non-polluting biodegradable mulch based on status quo.