Abstract: Seven kinds of elements such as As in rice soil in the eastern part of Nanchuan district of Chongqing were sampled and monitored.Soil environmental quality was evaluated by weighted composite index and sources of heavy metals in soil were analyzed.Results showed that contents of heavy metals such as Hg，Cr，Cu，Pb and Zn in the soil did not exceed national standard for soil use of agricultural land.One and five samples of As and Cd exceeded the standard，and overall situation was heavy pollution and medium-risk ecological risk.Cd was the most important ecological risk factor.Heavy metals of Cr，Cu，Pb，Zn and As in the soil were mainly derived from parent material，and Hg was mainly derived from aluminum smelting，Cd was jointly controlled by parent material and agricultural activities.