Abstract: As a traditional agricultural country，development of agriculture in China depends largely on the financial support of government.Therefore，transformation of traditional agricultural production mode is an important way to make our agriculture move towards goal of a modern agricultural power.Under this background，by consulting relevant literature，changing trend of scale and structure of fiscal expenditure on agriculture and impact of different levels of government on agricultural economic growth was analyzed，so as to strengthen role of different levels of government in agricultural economic development while increasing fiscal expenditure.