Abstract: Cotton is grown in large quantities in China，as the major cotton producing areas in China，Xinjiang cotton planting area and yield accounts for more than 60% of our country.Subsequently，abundant cotton straw resources are produced.Cotton straw has high development and utilization value，but the utilization rate of cotton straw is low in Xinjiang，and the main treatment method is crushing and returning to the field.With the increase of comprehensive utilization of crop straw and the improvement of its level，as well as the realization of mechanized harvest of cotton straw with low cost and high efficiency，the economic and ecological benefits of comprehensive utilization of cotton straw are highlighted.Based on analysis of relevant literature，the economic and ecological benefits of comprehensive utilization of cotton straw in Xinjiang were analyzed，and the feasibility and economy of using cotton straw in soilless culture substrate production were put forward，which provided ideas for deep utilization of cotton straw and improvement of quality and efficiency of cotton production.