Abstract: Soil erosion has become a major factor restricting sustainable development of agriculture in China，which seriously reduces soil productivity.Effects of different tillage measures on soil and water conservation was reviewed.By the method of average，experimental data on loess plateau，northeast black soil area and sand in the north area were sorted out.Influence laws of no-tillage straw mulching，deep loosening and traditional tillage on soil moisture content，soil water erosion，wind erosion and soil fertility was analyed.Results showed that compared with traditional tillage，soil moisture content of no-tillage straw mulching and deep loosening increased by 13.6% and 31.7% respectively，water use efficiency increased by 2.26 and 3.82 kg/（hm2·mm）respectively.In the black soil area of northeast China，contents of soil organic matter，available nitrogen and available phosphorus in no-tillage straw mulch and deep loosening increased by 14.8% and 7.1%，10.8% and 8.4%，10.8% and 8.4% respectively.In the sandy soil area of northwest China，no-tillage straw mulching and deep loosening could significantly reduce soil wind erosion rate.When wind speed was 10 m/s，soil wind erosion rate decreased by 90.2% and 85.0% respectively.