Abstract: On the basis of mastering the law of weight loss，mechanical and energy indexes，aiming at combustion characteristics of cotton stalk pyrolysis during carbonization，design and optimization of small carbonization furnace were completed，and problems of limited capacity of single batch of carbonization and slow heating and cooling speed，which were not conducive to experimental development，were solved when high temperature resistance furnace was used as carbonization equipment.The device was mainly composed of automatic feeding and discharging device，heating part，material filling part and tail gas treatment part.The design and test of key components，such as feeding and discharging system，carbonization furnace and the burner，were carried out，and prototype was trial manufactured.Experimental results showed that shaping rate of carbon production reached 93.6%，combustion performance reached 95.3%，and single furnace carbonized straw rod and straw powder reached design index，which could effectively complete carbonization of cotton straw and meet design requirements.