Abstract: Straw is an important biomass resource，returning to field as fertilizer is the most suitable way for material cycle of agricultural ecosystem in many ways of utilization.At present，straw returning is main form of straws fertilizer utilization.Development advantages of straw fertilizer utilization were analyzed，and commonly used ways of straw fertilizer utilization with direct straw return，straw compost-return and straw return after livestock digestion were expounded.Ways of straw diversified fertilizer utilization were pointed out and its development trend was prospected，aiming to arouse thought on straw efficient resource utilization and agricultural sustainable development and provide reference for promoting straw fertilizer utilization.