Abstract: In order to determine main reasons for change of agricultural machinery total power，according to relevant statistical data of Jiangxi province from 1994 to 2018，five main indicators affecting total power growth of agricultural machinery in Jiangxi province were selected，including planting structure，grain output，per capita disposable income of farmers，proportion of employment in the primary industry and total financial income of Jiangxi province.By using method of stepwise multiple regression analysis，main factors influencing change of rice agricultural machinery total power in Jiangxi province were explained as planting structure（i.e.ratio of rice planting area to total planting area of crops）and proportion of the first industry employees.Combined with actual situation of Jiangxi province，some specific countermeasures and suggestions were put forward，such as stabilizing grain planting area，creating a good farming environment，comprehensively considering policy factors and technical factors，and formulating reasonable subsidy policies according to local conditions.