碎麦秸垫膜覆盖对土壤水热及食葵生长的影响
Effects of Mulching with Wheat Straw on Soil Moisture and Heat and Growth of Sunflower
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摘要: 以西北旱区河西民勤灌区为研究区,2017年采取田间监测试验与室内机理试验相结合、田间小区控制试验和理论分析相结合的研究方法,对食葵进行不同方式覆盖种植,覆盖方式设有3个水平:无覆盖(CK)、秸秆覆盖(S)和碎麦秸垫膜覆盖(SF),灌溉定额采用当地农户普遍采用定额900 m3/hm2,观测分析不同覆盖方式下0~120 cm土壤含水量、土壤温度和食葵产量,从而选择最优覆盖方式。试验结果表明:整个生育期内土壤贮水量在不同覆盖方式下均表现为SF>S>CK,秸秆覆盖(S)、碎麦秸垫膜覆盖(SF)较无覆盖(CK)提高了2.1%和12.9%;观测6个土层(0、5、10、15、20和25 cm)地温,不同覆盖方式下地温均随土层深度增加而下降,S和SF处理下的地温较CK散失更缓慢,有一定保温效果;不同覆盖方式下食葵的株高、茎粗和叶面积在各个生育期均表现为SF>S>CK,SF处理下湿基含水率也高于其他两种方式。从食葵生物产量和土壤贮水量结果分析,试验区食葵种植使用碎麦秸垫膜覆盖有较好的保墒增产效果。Abstract: Cultivation experiment with different types of coverage of eating sunflower was carried out in 2017 based on method of combining field monitoring test with indoor mechanism test and method of combining field plot control test and theoretical analysis by taking Minqin irrigation area in northwest arid area as research area.Coverage mode had three levels of without mulch(CK),straw mulch(S)and plastic film mulch with crushed wheat straw padding(SF),and irrigation quota commonly adopted by local farmers of 900 m3/hm2 was adopted.In order to select the optimal mulching mode,soil moisture content,soil temperature of 0~120 cm and sunflower yield under different mulching methods were observed and analyzed.Results showed that,soil water storage in the whole growth period was SF>S>CK under different mulching methods,S and SF increased by 2.1% and 12.9% compared with CK.Soil temperature under different mulching methods decreased with increase of depth by observing ground temperature of six soil layers(0,5,10,15,20 and 25 cm).Loss of ground temperature under S and SF was slower than that under CK,and had a certain heat preservation effect.Biomass,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of sunflower had the same trend under different mulching methods,that SF>S>CK in each growth period,and moisture content of wet basis under SF was higher than other two mulching methods.Based on analysis of biological yield and soil water storage of sunflower,application of straw mulch in sunflower cultivation in experimental area had a better effect of soil moisture conservation and yield increase.
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Keywords:
- irrigation /
- sunflower /
- water storage /
- yield
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