Abstract: Traditional farmland irrigation and fertilization methods not only waste labor costs，but also have low utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer，resulting in a certain degree of resource waste.Crops have different demand for water and fertilizer in whole growth cycle.Water fertilizer coupling technology can achieve purpose of saving water and fertilizer，high quality and high yield by regulating reasonable cooperation of irrigation and fertilizer in time，dosage and irrigation mode during crop growth.Effects of water fertilizer coupling on growth，photosynthetic characteristics，yield and quality of pepper were reviewed and analyzed.Results showed that appropriate amount of irrigation and fertilization not only supplemented soil water in time，but also benefited soil fertilizer efficiency.The coupling interaction between water and fertilizer was more obvious，which promoted growth of pepper plants and improved yield and quality of crops.Finally，future agricultural planting mode was prospected.