Abstract: Water resources vary greatly among different regions in China，and their effective utilization is an important strategic issue for China′s economic and social development.To accurately predict water use structure，based on the data from 2004 to 2018，taking water use structures of Jilin，Zhejiang，Shandong，Hunan，Sichuan and Xinjiang provinces（autonomous regions）from the northeast，east，central and west of four economic regions as research object using information entropy and principal component analysis to analyze evolution process and influencing factors.Results showed that equilibrium degree of water use structure in Shandong was increasing，and its water use structure was becoming more and more reasonable，while equilibrium degree of water use structure in Xinjiang continued to be at a low level，and there were no obvious changes in the other four provinces；main influencing factors of water use structure were economic and social development，population growth，water-saving technology，water resource endowment and ecological environment maintenance.Finally，some suggestions were put forward to optimize water use structure from aspects of optimizing industry structure，improving level of agricultural water-saving technology，saving domestic water and diversifying water for environmental maintenance.