充分灌溉条件下不同肥量处理对大白菜产量和品质的影响
Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality of Chinese Cabbage under Optimal Irrigation System
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摘要: 在大白菜需水量试验成果基础上，继续开展水肥试验，旨在探究冀西北高寒地区水肥作用对大白菜产量、水分生产率及品质的影响。根据大白菜各生育时期需水规律，2018年进行水肥双因素完全随机试验，每次灌水定额分别为210、180和150 m3/hm2，施肥量为100%、85%和55%。2019年试验设置100%、85%、70%及55%共4个施肥量水平，对肥效应进行试验验证。结果表明，不同施肥量对大白菜产量、水分生产率和品质分别有不同程度的影响。产量和水分生产率变化规律一致，均随施肥量的增加先增大后减小；施肥量对大白菜硝酸盐含量有显著影响，随着施肥量增加，硝酸盐含量增加，呈正相关关系；低灌水水平下，随着施肥量增加，维生素C含量增加，充分灌水条件下随着施肥量降低，维生素C含量增加。在研究区域内，大白菜全生育期适宜的灌溉定额为1 100~1 300 m3/hm2，施肥量为450~550 kg/hm2。Abstract: Based on results of water demand test results，water and fertilizer tests were carried out to explore effects of water and fertilizer on the yield，water productivity and quality of Chinese cabbage in the alpine region of northwest Hebei Province.According to water requirement of Chinese cabbage at different growth stages，two-factor completely randomized trial of water and fertilizer was conducted in 2018，irrigation quota was 210、180 and 150 m3/hm2 respectively，and fertilizer amount was 100%，85% and 55%.In 2019，four fertilizer levels of 100%，85%，70% and 55% were set to test and verify effects.Results showed that yield，water productivity and quality of Chinese cabbage were affected to different degree by different fertilizer rates.Variation laws of yield and water productivity were the same，both increased at first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer rate.Nitrate content of Chinese cabbage was significantly affected by amount of fertilizer amount.With increase of fertilizer amount，content of nitrate increased，showing a positive correlation.Under low irrigation level，vitamin C content increased with increase of fertilizer amount.Content of vitamin C increased with decrease of fertilizer amount under adequate irrigation.In the study area，suitable irrigation quota was 1 100~1 300 m3/hm2 and fertilizer amount was 450~550 kg/hm2 in the whole growth period of Chinese cabbage.
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