Design of Biomass Pellet Hot Blast Furnace and Its Application in Grain Drying Field
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摘要:
机械化粮食烘干中采用生物质燃料替代常规能源，对节能减排、降低成本、提高粮食品质具有重要意义。设计了一套生物质颗粒热风炉并与谷物烘干机耦合，通过自动控温系统调节热风温度以获得高品质谷物。生物质颗粒在时间继电器控制下自动进料，在炉膛内部设计一次进风和二次进风口，颗粒燃料的挥发分充分燃烧，提高了热风炉的输出热功率。设置了故障报警、远程监控系统，提高了设备的智能化程度。性能试验结果表明，该成套设备运行稳定，性能指标优良，验证了设计的合理性。经济效益分析表明，利用生物质颗粒热风炉烘干谷物成本较低，具有明显的经济效益和推广应用前景。
Abstract:In grain drying with mechanical equipment, biomass is used to replace conventional energy fuel, which is of great significance for energy conservation, emission reduction, cost reduction and grain quality improvement．A set of biomass pellet hot blast furnace was designed and integrated with grain dryers．The hot blast temperature was adjusted by automatic temperature control system to obtain high-quality grain．Biomass pellet were automatically fed under control of time relay．Primary air inlet and secondary air inlet were distributed in the furnace．The volatiles of pellet fuel were fully burned, which improved output heat power of hot blast furnace．A fault alarm and remote monitoring system were set up to improve equipment intelligence．The performance test in the grain drying plant showed that complete set of equipment operated stably and had excellent performance indexes, which verified rationality of the design．Economic benefit analysis showed that cost of drying grain with biomass pellet hot blast furnace was low, which had obvious economic benefit and application prospect．
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Keywords:
- biomass energy /
- biomass pellet /
- hot blast furnace /
- grain drying
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图 1 生物质颗粒热风炉结构
1．烟气列管清灰口 2．鼓风机 3．送料搅龙 4．烟气回收列管 5．料斗 6．燃油炉（仅两用炉配备） 7．炉膛门8．炉膛列管下清灰口 9．炉膛列管上清灰口 10．引烟风机 11．大风机 12．炉膛列管
Figure 1. Structure of biomass pellet hot blast furnace
图 2 生物质颗粒热风炉与粮食烘干机耦合
1．烘干机护栏 2．分粮层 3．缓苏层 4．颗粒热风炉 5．热风出口 6．烘干机进料斗 7．烘干层 8．热风机 9．电器控制装置 10．烘干机提升机
Figure 2. Assembly drawing of biomass pellet hot blast furnace and grain dryer
图 3 生物质颗粒热风炉烘干粮食应用场景
Figure 3. Scene of biomass pellet hot blast furnace used for grain drying
表 1 主要技术参数
Table 1. Main design parameters
项目 参数 炉体外形尺寸（长×宽×高）/（mm×mm×mm） 1110×1210×1770 颗粒燃料直径/mm 8～10 进料方式 自动进料 热功率/MW 0.235 热效率/% ≥80 输出热风温度/°C 60～150 热风机风量/（m3·h−1） 6677～13353 热风机功率/kW 4.0 引烟风机风量/（m3·h−1） 1450 引烟风机功率/kW 0.75 配套总功率/kW 5.67 
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表 2 稻谷干燥性能指标
Table 2. Main performance index of rice drying
项目 测定值 干燥温度/°C 62±2 环境温度/°C 18 干前含水率/% 28 干后含水率/% 14.5 干前质量/kg 12000 平均干燥时间/h 12 平均减干率/（%·h−1） 0.7
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