Development of Retractable Rod Tooth Buckwheat Threshing Device and Parameter Optimization
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摘要:
针对荞麦机械化收获破碎率高、含杂率大、容易发生“绕辫子”而堵塞脱粒滚筒等问题，研制了一种伸缩杆齿式脱粒装置，利用纹杆滚筒和栅格凹板对作物的揉搓、梳刷作用实现脱粒，而与纹杆滚筒相配合的伸缩式杆齿，能够很好地将作物进行翻腾、向后推送，避免了秸秆缠绕，提高了脱粒效果。将该脱粒装置安装于荞麦脱粒性能试验台，选取滚筒转速、脱粒间隙和喂入量作为试验因素建立了3因素正交试验，通过极差分析得到最佳工作参数组合为滚筒转速350 r/min、脱粒间隙10 mm、喂入量1.0 kg/s，该条件下，籽粒破碎率为3.42%、籽粒损失率为0.14%，满足荞麦机械化收获指标，为伸缩杆齿式脱粒装置的应用和荞麦联合收获机的研发提供理论依据。
Abstract:A retractable rod tooth threshing device was developed to solve problems of high crushing rate, high impurity content and easy to "wrap around braid" and block threshing drum in mechanized harvesting of buckwheat．Threshing device utilized rubbing and brushing action of grooved rod drum and grid concave plate on crops to realize threshing．The crops were well rolled and pushed backwards, avoiding entanglement of straws and improving threshing effect．Threshing device was installed on buckwheat threshing performance test bench, and rotation speed of drum, threshing gap and feeding amount were selected as test factors to carry out orthogonal test．Under this condition, grain breakage rate was 3.42%, and grain loss rate was 0.14%, which met index of mechanized harvesting of buckwheat and provided a theoretical basis for application of retractable rod tooth threshing device and research and development of buckwheat combine harvester．
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Keywords:
- buckwheat /
- retractable rod tooth /
- threshing device /
- orthogonal test /
- range analysis
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图 1 伸缩杆齿式荞麦脱粒装置结构
1. 喂入口 2. 滚筒主轴 3. 螺旋喂入装置 4. 顶盖 5. 伸缩杆齿6. 纹杆滚筒 7. 排草口 8. 栅格凹板 9. 侧盖 10. 机架
Figure 1. Structure of retractable rod tooth buckwheat threshing device
图 2 纹杆滚筒结构
1. 滚筒主轴 2. 螺旋输送装置 3. 纹杆 4. 纹杆固定螺栓5. 杆齿铰球固定座 6. 包覆铁皮
Figure 2. Structure of ribbed rod roller
图 3 伸缩杆齿结构
1. 杆齿固定杆前轴套 2. 杆齿固定杆 3. 杆齿固定套 4. 杆齿5. 销 6. 杆齿固定杆后轴套
Figure 3. Structure of retractable rod tooth
图 5 伸缩杆齿-纹杆结构
1. 机架 2. 顶盖 3. 杆齿链接铰球 4. 杆齿 5. 铰球固定铰座6. 伸缩杆齿固定杆 7. 纹杆滚筒 8. 栅格凹板 9. 滚筒主轴
Figure 5. Structure of retractable rod tooth - ribbed rod
表 1 试验台技术参数
Table 1. Technical data of test bed
项目 参数 脱粒滚筒类型 伸缩杆齿式 脱粒滚筒直径/mm 455 脱粒滚筒长度/mm 1 500 驱动电机 7.5 kW变频调速电机 喂入输送带（长×宽）/（m×m） 10×1 接料盒（长×宽×高）/（mm×mm×mm） 258×274×120 
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表 2 试验因素与水平
Table 2. Test factors and levels
水平 因素 滚筒转速A/（r·min−1） 脱粒间隙B/mm 喂入量C/（kg·s−1） 1 350 9 0.8 2 400 10 1.0 3 450 11 1.2
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表 3 试验结果与极差分析
Table 3. Test results and range analysis
序号 因素 破碎率/
%损失率/
%A B C 1 1 1 1 4.47 0.15 2 1 2 2 3.67 0.10 3 1 3 3 3.27 0.05 4 2 1 2 5.20 0.09 5 2 2 3 4.93 0.21 6 2 3 1 3.81 0.32 7 3 1 3 6.17 0.30 8 3 2 1 5.01 0.36 9 3 3 2 3.47 0.24 破碎率 k1 3.80 5.28 4.43 k2 4.65 4.54 4.11 k3 4.88 3.52 4.79 R 1.08 1.76 0.68 较优水平 A1 B3 C2 主次因素 B3 A1 C2 损失率 k1 0.10 0.18 0.28 k2 0.21 0.22 0.14 k3 0.30 0.20 0.19 R 0.20 0.04 0.14 较优水平 A1 B1 C2 主次因素 A1 C2 B1
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