锦州市不同程度干旱对玉米生长发育和产量的影响

吕晓; 战莘晔; 高莉莉; 张兵兵; 吴航; 梁涛; 高全; 金晨

doi:10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.06.029

锦州市不同程度干旱对玉米生长发育和产量的影响

doi: 10.19998/j.cnki.2095-1795.2022.06.029

吕晓^{1, 2,},
战莘晔³,
高莉莉²,
张兵兵²,
吴航²,
梁涛²,
高全²,
金晨²

1.
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所，辽宁沈阳 110166
2.
锦州市生态与农业气象中心，辽宁锦州 121000
3.
鞍山市气象局，辽宁鞍山 114004

基金项目: 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所和辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室联合开放基金课题（2021SYIAEKFMS34）；锦州市科技计划项目（JZ2022B059）

详细信息

作者简介:
吕晓，硕士，工程师，主要从事农业气象研究　E-mail：724452793@qq.com

中图分类号: S513
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-18
- 修回日期: 2022-03-14
- 出版日期: 2022-06-20

Effects of Different Degrees of Drought on Maize Growth and Yield in Jinzhou City

1.
Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment，China Meteorological Administration，Shenyang Liaoning 110166，China
2.
Jinzhou Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology Center，Jinzhou Liaoning 121000，China
3.
Anshan Meteorological Bureau，Anshan Liaoning 114004，China

摘要

摘要:
为探讨拔节期和抽雄期的中度和重度干旱对锦州地区玉米生长发育和产量的影响，应用大型活动遮雨棚，以主栽夏玉米大田试验为基础，设置对照组（CK）和干旱胁迫组（T1、T2、T3、T4）共5个处理，每个处理4次重复。试验结果表明，T2较CK极显著变矮，T1较CK显著变矮，即株高为CK>T1>T2；T3和T4株高较CK也变矮，但是未达到显著性差异，株高为CK>T3>T4，但影响小于T1和T2。T2总叶数影响较CK极显著变少，T1总叶数较CK显著变少，即总叶数为CK>T1>T2；T3和T4总叶数较CK也显著变少，总叶数为CK>T3>T4。果穗长T2、T3、T4均比CK极显著减少，秃尖比均比CK极显著增加；果穗粗5组处理均差异不显著，百粒质量T4较CK显著减少，穗粒质量T1、T2、T3、T4均较CK极显著减少。玉米籽粒理论产量均较CK极显著减少。玉米在拔节期和抽雄期遭受中度和重度干旱影响后对株高、总叶数、穗部性状和籽粒理论产量均有不同程度的负面影响。玉米株高和总叶片数在拔节期遭受干旱的负面影响更大，玉米穗部性状和籽粒理论产量在抽雄期遭受干旱后的负面影响更大，玉米株高、总叶片数、穗部性状和籽粒理论产量影响程度随干旱强度的增强而加强，干旱越严重玉米减产越严重。
- 玉米 /
- 生长发育 /
- 产量 /
- 干旱 /
- 锦州市
Abstract:
In order to explore effects of moderate and severe drought at jointing stage and heading stage on maize growth, development and yield in Jinzhou area, based on field experiment of main summer maize, five treatments of control group （CK） and drought stress group（T1, T2, T3 and T4） were set up, and each treatment was repeated for 4 times．Results showed that T2 was significantly shorter than CK, T1 was significantly shorter than CK, plant height was CK>T1>T2; plant height of T3 and T4 were also shorter than that of CK, but there was no significant difference, plant height was CK>T3> T4, but the effect was less than that of T1 and T2．Total number of leaves in T2 was significantly less than that in CK, and total number of leaves in T1 was significantly less than that in CK, total number of leaves was CK>T1>T2; total number of leaves in T3 and T4 were also significantly less than that in CK, and total number of leaves was CK>T3> T4．Ear length of T2, T3 and T4 were significantly lower than CK, and bald tip ratio was significantly higher than that of CK．There was no significant difference in ear diameter among five groups, 100 grain mass of T4 was significantly lower than CK, and panicle grain quality of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were significantly lower than CK．Theoretical grain yield of maize was significantly lower than that of CK．Maize suffered moderate and severe drought at jointing stage and tasseling stage, which had different degrees of inhibition and negative effects on plant height, total leaf number, ear traits and theoretical grain yield．Negative effect of drought on plant height and total leaf number of maize was greater at jointing stage, and negative effect of drought on ear traits and theoretical grain yield of maize was greater at heading stage．Influence degree of plant height, total leaf number, ear traits and theoretical grain yield of maize increased with the increase of drought intensity．The more serious the drought, the more serious the corn production reduction．
- corn /
- growth and development /
- yield /
- drought /
- Jinzhou City

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图 1 拔节期和抽雄期中度和重度干旱胁迫处理对玉米株高的影响

Figure 1. Effects of moderate and severe drought stress on maize plant height at jointing stage and heading stage

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 拔节期和抽雄期中度和重度干旱胁迫处理对玉米总叶数的影响

Figure 2. Effects of moderate and severe drought stress on total leaf number of maize at jointing stage and heading stage

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 拔节期和抽雄期中度和重度干旱胁迫处理对玉米籽粒理论产量的影响

Figure 3. Effects of moderate and severe drought stress on theoretical grain yield of maize at jointing stage and heading stage

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 拔节期和抽雄期中度和重度干旱胁迫处理下平均单株玉米穗部性状比较

Table 1. Comparison of ear traits of average maize per plant under moderate and severe drought stress at jointing stage and heading stage

处理	果穗长			秃尖比			果穗粗			百粒质量			穗粒质量
处理	测量值/cm	变化/%	测量值/%		变化/百分点	测量值/cm		变化/%	测量值/g		变化/%	测量值/g		变化/%
CK	14.49aA	0	11.50cC		0	5.26a		0	36.29a		0	159.79aA		0
T1	13.75aAB	–5.00	13.50bB		17.40	4.91a		–6.70	35.45ab		–2.30	111.23bB		–30.40
T2	12.91bB	–10.90	17.20aA		49.60	4.84a		–7.90	35.12ab		–3.20	109.70bB		–31.30
T3	12.02bB	–17.00	20.80aA		80.90	4.77a		–9.30	35.13ab		–3.20	109.60bB		–31.40
T4	11.90bB	–17.90	22.00aA		1.30	4.64a		–11.80	34.02b		–6.30	97.96bB		–38.70
注：同列小写、大写字母不同者表示差异显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）。

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