Effect of Artificial Precipitation on Alleviating Agricultural Drought in Fuxin City
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摘要:
利用阜新市阜新国家基本气象观测站1991—2021年降水量、土壤墒情气象观测数据、农业气象干旱灾情及人工增雨相关资料，采用数理统计方法对阜新市干旱特征及其对农业生产的危害、降水量分布及其与干旱相关性、云水资源开发潜力、人工增雨作业能力及其对缓解农业干旱的作用等进行分析、总结，提出科学开展人工增雨有效措施，旨在为阜新市科学合理开发空中云水资源、增加地面水资源总量、有效缓解农业干旱和减轻农业干旱灾害损失提供参考。
Abstract:Based on meteorological observation data of precipitation and soil moisture from 1991 to 2021 at Fuxin National Basic Meteorological Observation Station in Fuxin City, and relevant data of agrometeorological drought disaster and artificial precipitation enhancement, characteristics of drought and its harm to agricultural production, distribution of precipitation and its correlation with drought, development potential of cloud water resources, ability of artificial precipitation enhancement and its role in alleviating agricultural drought in Fuxin City were analyzed and summarized by using mathematical statistics methods． Effective measures for scientific artificial precipitation enhancement were put forward． The purpose was to provide reference for rational development of cloud water resources in the air, increase total amount of surface water resources, effectively alleviate agricultural drought and reduce loss of agricultural drought disasters in Fuxin City．
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图 1 阜新市1991—2021年作物生长期降水量年变化
Figure 1. Annual change of precipitation during crop growth period in Fuxin from 1991 to 2021
图 2 阜新市1991—2021年作物生长期降水量月变化
Figure 2. Monthly change of precipitation during crop growth period in Fuxin from 1991 to 2021
图 3 1991—2021年阜新市作物生长期降水量与同期干旱强度指数对比
Figure 3. Comparison between precipitation during cropgrowth period and drought intensity index in Fuxin from 1991 to 2021
图 5 阜新市1991—2021年干旱强度指数变化
Figure 5. Change of drought intensity index in Fuxin from 1991 to 2021
图 6 阜新市1991—2021年作物生长期降水量与粮食产量变化
Figure 6. Changes in precipitation and grain yield during crop growth period in Fuxin from 1991 to 2021
表 1 1991—2021年阜新市作物生长期发生的干旱频次和干旱等级统计结果
Table 1. Statistical results of drought frequency and droughtgrade during crop growth period in Fuxin from 1991 to 2021
项目 轻旱 中旱 重旱 干旱合计 春旱 3 4 9 16 夏旱 2 4 12 18 秋旱 4 6 3 13 合计 9 14 24 47 
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表 2 阜新市冷云人工增雨作业条件指标
Table 2. Operation condition indexes of cold cloud artificial precipitation enhancement in Fuxin
指标名称 判别方法 指标值 冷云催化区温度/°C CPAS平台探空产品 −15～−5 云顶温度/°C CPAS平台云反演产品 −50～−20 0 °C层高度/km CPAS平台探空产品 1.9～5.5 −5 °C层高度/km CPAS平台探空产品 2.6～6.3 −7 °C层高度/km CPAS平台探空产品 2.8～6.7 −10 °C层高度/km CPAS平台探空产品 3.1～7.3 −15 °C层高度/km CPAS平台探空产品 4.7～8.2 云底高度/km CPAS平台云反演产品 1.2～2.5 云顶高度/km CPAS平台云反演产品 8.5～14.0 过冷层厚度/km CPAS平台云反演产品 ＞2 雷达回拨强度/dbz CPAS平台雷达产品 ＞20 火箭作业仰角/（°） 作业高度、仰角判别曲线 55～75 AgI火箭弹用量/枚 利用公式 M= VN/Q 2～5 AgI飞机烟条用量/根 3～5
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