Whole Process Solution for Construction of Vegetable Cold Chain Processing Smart Factory
-
摘要:
近年来我国食品工业保持高质量快速发展，领军企业正借助“工业4.0”物理信息等系统的融合，建立智能工厂，实现多品种、小批量、个性化生产和全过程信息化监测，保障食品安全。我国蔬菜产量居世界前列，多数净菜加工企业设备技术水平低、劳动密度大、工作效率低、标准体系缺乏，难以保障净菜品质，急需自动化、信息化、智能化水平的提升。结合智能工厂建设现状及净菜加工重要企业的智能化发展，为蔬菜现代化生产工厂的建设提供参考。
Abstract:In recent years, China's food industry has maintained high-quality and rapid development． With help of integration of "industry 4.0" physical information and other systems, leading enterprises are constructing smart factory to realize multi variety, small batch and personalized production and whole process information monitoring, so as to ensure food safety． China's vegetable output ranks among the top in the world． Most clean vegetable processing enterprises has low equipment and technical level, high labor density, low work efficiency and lack of standard system． It is difficult to ensure quality of clean vegetables． It is urgent to improve level of automation, informatization and intelligence． Combined with construction status of smart factory and intelligent development of important clean vegetable processing enterprises, a reference for construction of modern production of clean vegetables was provided．
-
Keywords:
- vegetable processing /
- cold chain control /
- smart factory /
- informatization /
- networking
-
表 1 蔬菜清洗杀菌技术及设备
Table 1. Technology and equipment of vegetable cleaning and sterilization
工序名称 技术和设备名称 应用范围 特点 清洗杀菌技术
设备噬菌体杀菌技术 灭杀外源引入的食源性致病菌 特异性强、自我增殖快[16] 强酸性电解水杀菌技术 蔬菜清洗、除杂后的全面杀菌 杀菌、保鲜作用强，无化学残留[17] 臭氧杀菌技术 水果上微生物的灭杀 常与超声波联合使用，杀菌迅速、作用谱广、易分解、无有害残留；设备电耗大，成本较高，运行管理比较复杂[18] 紫外线抑菌技术 特定环境下微生物的灭杀 消毒速度快、效率高、占地面积小，设备操作简单，便于运行管理和实现自动化；容易遭受二次污染[19] 次氯酸杀菌技术 鲜切菜上甲胺磷等农药的消除 杀菌作用强，易使产品氯残留超标；配套设备需要完成游离氯浓度及 pH 值的在线检测和自动控制[20] 毛刷式清洗机 根茎类蔬菜清洗去皮 物料表面凹陷处不易清洗干净，而且清洗槽中间的物料清洗效果差，工作效率低[21] 喷淋式清洗机 常作为辅助清洗，与其他清洗方法相结合使用 在清洗过程中存在盲区[22] 滚筒式清洗机 根茎类蔬菜清洗 清洗效果好，但是对物料的损伤比较大[23] 气泡式和水流式清洗机 切制后尺寸较小的物料清洗 对物料的作用力比较柔和，物料受损伤情况比较轻[24-26] 超声波式清洗机 蔬菜的快速解冻、清洗杀菌、去除农残 物料损伤小，能有效降低致病菌和农药残留对人体造成的危害；技术设备多处于试验阶段[27] 去皮设备 摩擦去皮机 根茎类蔬菜的去皮 操作简单、加工成本低、处理量大；对产品表面损伤大，褐变程度增加，缺乏对局部芽眼或凹陷部分的处理[28] 干式削皮机 长条形物料的削皮 无须喷水清洗皮屑，节省水资源，可连续式生产；生产效率
较低卧式滚筒削皮机 根茎类蔬菜的去皮 生产效率高，适用大规模工业生产；损失率大，去皮不彻底，刀具的拆卸更换与清洗不方便 刀盘式削皮机 根茎类蔬菜的去皮 去皮比较彻底，避免过度切削，拆装更换及维修简单，可以进行流水线生产，效率高且省水；维护成本高[29] 立筒式削皮机 较小尺寸根茎类蔬菜的去皮 体积小，适用广；间歇式作业，削皮效率较低，表皮处损伤发软，耗水量大[30] 切割设备 二维切割机 切丁、切条 精度高、形状单一 离心切割机 切丝、切片 切割均匀、碎料少、操作简单 三维切割机 立体切割 处理速度快，加工质量好[31] 往复式切割机 任意厚度的片状或段状 形态较好，规格调整范围大，产量高，适用范围广 异形切割机 不规则物料的切制、特殊要求的
切制专用设备，需定制刀具及切割方式，切制效果较好 脱水设备 离心柔性脱水机 固液混合物分离 脱水效果好、振动小、噪声低、结构简单；无法实现连续式生产，放料取料需要人工操作 卧式振动离心机 固液混合物分离 连续式生产，节省人工，产量大；价格较高，结构复杂 振动沥水机 表面水去除 物料损伤小，可连续生产；表面水去除不彻底[32] 风干脱水机 茄果类不切割蔬菜或水果的脱水 物料损伤小，适用于连续化生产 
下载: 导出CSV
（续表 1） 工序名称 技术和设备名称 应用范围 特点 包装与贴标设备 裹膜包装机 不切割蔬菜和水果的包装 物料大小不限、包装速度快，展示效果好[33] 枕式包装机 更适合较长物料的包装 不限制物料长度，包装精度高、运转平稳且操作方便[34] 真空包装机 硬质地蔬菜及切割蔬菜的长期保
鲜包装操作方法简单，保鲜效果较好 贴体包装机 蔬菜的长期保鲜包装 适应性较好，保鲜效果优于传统真空包装，直接展示物料外观，增加消费吸引力，方便储运[35] 气调包装机 蔬菜的高效保鲜包装 保持产品的几何形状、色香味[36] 自动贴标机 自动打印贴标 减少人工，提高包装质量和效率[37] 全自动包装机 包装、称量、打标、贴标等同时
完成减少工序，节省设备空间，提供数据供上层系统使用，提高工厂的信息化水平[38] 包装后检测 重量检测机 包装线上产品的在线重量检测 将不符合质量范围的产品剔除，保证产品质量，识别精准且速度快[39] 金属检测器 检测金属杂质并自动剔除 操作简单，检测速度快；有一定局限性[40] X射线检测机 异物检测 适用范围广，识别度高；价格高、推广难度大[41]
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] JUNG W K, KIM D R, LEE H, et al．Appropriate smart factory for SMEs: concept, application and perspective[J]．International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 2020．DOI: 10.1007/s12541-020-00445-2． [2] 申海鹏.智能化工厂让生产越来越简单[J].食品安全导刊,2015(34):54-56. [3] FRANCALANZA E,BORG J,CONSTANTINESCU C.A knowledge-based tool for designing cyber physical production systems[J].Computers in Industry,2017,84:39-58. doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2016.08.001 [4] LEE J,JIN C,BAGHERI B.Cyber physical systems for predictive production systems[J].Production Engineering,2017,11(2):155-165. doi: 10.1007/s11740-017-0729-4 [5] LU Yuqian,XU Xun.Resource virtualization:a core technology for developing cyber-physical production systems[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2018,47:128-140. doi: 10.1016/j.jmsy.2018.05.003 [6] 姜龙,董世超,静恩宇,等.浅谈自动化生产线设计[J].科技致富向导,2014(3):72. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-1547.2014.03.064 [7] SERRANO P A A,KIM M,KIM D R,et al.Spherical mirror and surface patterning on silicon carbide (SiC) by material removal rate enhancement using CO2 laser assisted polishing[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering,2020,21(4):775-785. [8] CHU W S,KIM M S,JANG K H,et al.From design for manufacturing (DFM) to manufacturing for design (MFD) via hybrid manufacturing and smart factory:a review and perspective of paradigm shift[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering Manufacturing-Green Technology,2016,3(2):209-222. doi: 10.1007/s40684-016-0028-0 [9] 张毅, 张天硕, 张蔚平．一种专用于无人化智能厨房的净菜输送线: CN202020647141.3[P]．2021-05-04． [10] 吴飞龙,周泓,俞凌.基于嵌入式技术的净菜自动化生产系统[J].中国农业信息(上半月),2015(3):107-108. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0423.2015.03.091 [11] 周晓磊．基于SolidWorks的净菜配量生产设备模块化设计及动力学分析[D]．济南: 山东大学, 2018．ZHOU Xiaolei．Modular design and dynamic analysis of vegetable production equipment based on SolidWorks[D] Ji'nan: Shandong University, 2018． [12] 李功燕,李鲜,张慜,等.如何高效进行果蔬品质分级,让它们整齐地“排排坐”?[J].科技纵览,2020(5):64-67. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4409.2020.05.020 [13] 陈璞,刘立波.基于形态学边缘检测的枸杞外部缺陷识别方法[J].湖北工程学院学报,2015(6):32-37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4824.2015.06.006CHEN Pu,LIU Libo.Recognition of wolfberry appearance defects based on edge detection of morphology[J].Journal of Hubei Engineering University,2015(6):32-37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4824.2015.06.006 [14] 刘浩,贺福强,李荣隆,等.基于机器视觉的马铃薯自动分级与缺陷检测系统设计[J].农机化研究,2022,44(1):73-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2022.01.012LIU Hao,HE Fuqiang,LI Ronglong,et al.Design of potato automatic grading and defect detection system based on machine vision[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2022,44(1):73-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-188X.2022.01.012 [15] 杨森,冯全,张建华,等.基于轻量卷积网络的马铃薯外部缺陷无损分级[J].食品科学,2021,42(10):284-289. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200412-155YANG Sen,FENG Quan,ZHANG Jianhua,et al.Nondestructive classification of defects in potatoes based on lightweight convolutional neural network[J].Food Science,2021,42(10):284-289. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20200412-155 [16] 魏麟,孙娟娟.噬菌体作为新型食品抗菌剂的风险评估与风险规制[J].食品与机械,2020,36(10):12-17. doi: 10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2020.10.003WEI Lin,SUN Juanjuan.Risk assessment and regulation of bacteriophage as a new food antimicrobial agent[J].Food and Machinery,2020,36(10):12-17. doi: 10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2020.10.003 [17] 胡朝晖,吴彤娇,李慧颖,等.微酸性电解水用于鲜切莲藕杀菌处理的实验研究[J].河北工业科技,2016,33(1):40-45. doi: 10.7535/hbgykj.2016yx01008HU Chaohui,WU Tongjiao,LI Huiying,et al.Experimental study on the disinfection of fresh-cut lotus root using slightly acidic electrolyzed water[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2016,33(1):40-45. doi: 10.7535/hbgykj.2016yx01008 [18] 陈梦曦,李欣洋,代黄梅,等.真空臭氧消毒机对新鲜果蔬 杀菌效果的实验研究[J].中国消毒学杂志,2019,36(3):164-166. doi: 10.11726/j.issn.1001-7658.2019.03.002CHEN Mengxi,LI Xinyang,DAI Huangmei,et al.Experimental study on germicidal efficacy of fresh fruits and vegetables by vacuum ozone disinfector[J].Chinese Journal of Disinfection,2019,36(3):164-166. doi: 10.11726/j.issn.1001-7658.2019.03.002 [19] 金思渊,谢晶.鲜切果蔬致腐菌抑菌技术的研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业,2020,46(11):302-306. doi: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.023613JIN Siyuan,XIE Jing.Research progress on the bacteriostatic technology offresh-cut fruits and vegetables[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2020,46(11):302-306. doi: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.023613 [20] 胡叶静,李保国,石茂占,等.鲜切即食果蔬冷杀菌技术研究进展[J].包装工程,2020,41(7):43-49. doi: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2020.07.006HU Yejing,LI Baoguo,SHI Maozhan,et al.Research progress of cold sterilization technology of fresh-cut ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables[J].Packaging Engineering,2020,41(7):43-49. doi: 10.19554/j.cnki.1001-3563.2020.07.006 [21] 山东瑞帆果蔬机械科技有限公司．一种土豆连续磨皮清洗机: CN201420196561.9[P]．2014-08-27． [22] 高英武,刘毅君,任述光,等.振动喷淋式蔬菜清洗机的研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):92-95. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2000.06.023GAO Yingwu,LIU Yijun,REN Shuguang,et al.Vibrating and spraying washer of vegetable[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2000,16(6):92-95. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2000.06.023 [23] 李东.滚筒式果蔬清洗机的设计研究[J].机械工程师,2015(8):154-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2015.08.061LI Dong.Design of roller type cleaning machine for fruits and vegetables[J].Mechanical Engineer,2015(8):154-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2333.2015.08.061 [24] 王莉,丁小明.淹没水射流方式清洗蔬菜的探索研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):124-130. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2007.12.024WANG Li,DING Xiaoming.Experimental investigation washing vegetables with submerged jets of water[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(12):124-130. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2007.12.024 [25] 吴玉发,梁健.水气浴叶菜清洗机的应用研制[J].现代农业装备,2004(4):65-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2154.2004.04.019 [26] 杨红兵,丁为民,陈坤杰,等.新型蔬菜清洗机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):92-96. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2005.01.021YANG Hongbing,DING Weimin,CHEN Kunjie,et al.Research and development of a new-style washer of vegetable[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005,21(1):92-96. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2005.01.021 [27] 杜彦生,许海宁,代春华,等.多频超声波清洗机在叶类蔬菜清洗中的应用[J].保鲜与加工,2021,21(9):64-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2021.09.010DU Yansheng,XU Haining,DAI Chunhua,et al.Application of multi-frequency ultrasonic washer on leafy vegetables cleaning[J].Storage and Process,2021,21(9):64-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2021.09.010 [28] 孟庆书,朱立学,黄键裕,等.马铃薯连续机械式去皮机优化与试验[J].农业工程,2018,8(2):88-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2018.02.024MENG Qingshu,ZHU Lixue,HUANG Jianyu,et al.Optimized design and test of continuous mechanized potato peeling machine[J].Agricultural Engineering,2018,8(2):88-94. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2018.02.024 [29] 曹建斌,曹光矗,程跃胜,等.刀盘式马铃薯削皮装置设计与试验[J].农业工程,2020,10(10):48-54. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2020.10.015CAO Jianbin,CAO Guangchu,CHENG Yuesheng,et al.Design and test of cutter plate potato peeling device[J].Agricultural Engineering,2020,10(10):48-54. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2020.10.015 [30] 宁夏薯味仙食品科技开发有限公司．马铃薯削皮装置: CN201720368696.2[P]．2018-01-02． [31] 梅松,蒋清海.三维果蔬切制技术发展与问题分析[J].农业装备,2021(5):16-19. [32] 诸城市中安信息科技有限公司．一种振动沥水机: CN202020764017.5[P]．2021-01-05． [33] 郑兆启,梅文娟,刘超冉,等.生鲜食品包装机气力式超薄自粘膜横封装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(12):158-165. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.12.017ZHENG Zhaoqi,MEI Wenjuan,LIU Chaoran,et al.Design and experiment on pneumatic transverse sealing device for ultrathin self-adhesive film of fresh food packaging machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(12):158-165. doi: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.12.017 [34] 陈亚琳.三伺服枕式包装机控制系统设计[J].包装与食品机械,2020,38(1):61-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-1295.2020.01.013CHEN Yalin.Control system design of three servo pillow food packaging machine[J].Packaging and Food Machinery,2020,38(1):61-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-1295.2020.01.013 [35] 马雪飞,杜志龙,马季威,等.食品用贴体包装技术及设备研究进展[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(5):102- 107,115. doi: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2018.05.022MA Xuefei,DU Zhilong,MA Jiwei,et al.Research progress of skin packaging technology and equipment for food[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2018,39(5):102- 107,115. doi: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2018.05.022 [36] 吴宪玲,李晓敏,周雪婷.气调包装技术在食品包装中的应用[J].农业科技与装备,2021(6):86-87.WU Xianling,LI Xiaomin,ZHOU Xueting.Application of modified atmosphere packaging in food packaging[J].Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment,2021(6):86-87. [37] 陈金鑫.自动贴标机的设计与分析[J].机械制造,2021,59(5):20- 21,49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4998.2021.05.007CHEN Jinxin.Design and analysis of automatic labeling machine[J].Machinery,2021,59(5):20- 21,49. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4998.2021.05.007 [38] 张佰顺,陈纪旸,吴学英.基于PLC在线称重贴标系统的设计与实现[J].电子测试,2020(17):5-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8519.2020.17.001ZHANG Baishun,CHEN Jiyang,WU Xueying.Design and implementation of yarn packaging online weighing and labeling system based on PLC[J].Electronic Test,2020(17):5-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8519.2020.17.001 [39] 湖北人福成田药业有限公司．一种自动称重选别机: CN201921445778.8[P]．2020-06-26． [40] 邢仕歌,贺木易,雍炜,等.金属检测中新型前处理技术研究进展及应用[J].分析测试技术与仪器,2020,26(4):219-227.XING Shige,HE Muyi,YONG Wei,et al.Progress in application of pretreatment methods in metal ion analyte[J].Analysis and Testing Technology and Instruments,2020,26(4):219-227. [41] 张文建,邵华.基于X射线的食品异物检测系统设计[J].机电一体化,2020,22(8):44- 47,69.ZHANG Wenjian,SHAO Hua.Design of food foreign object detection system based on X-ray[J].Mechatronics,2020,22(8):44- 47,69. -
下载: 
点击查看大图
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 43
- HTML全文浏览量: 74
- PDF下载量: 17
- 被引次数: 0
京公网安备 11010502037498号
