Experiment on Air and Screen Cleaning Device of Foxtail Millet Combine Harvester
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摘要:
为了减少谷子联合收获的清选损失，对谷子收获机风筛式清选装置进行了试验分析。运用参数可调的风筛式谷子清选装置，以清选风速、风向、筛分振幅和曲柄转速为试验因素，以籽粒损失率和含杂率为试验指标，对谷子联合收获机脱出物进行了清选试验。试验结果表明：籽粒损失率随清选风速、筛分振幅、曲柄转速的增大而增大，随清选风向角度的增大呈先增大后减小再增大趋势；含杂率随清选风速、筛分振幅、曲柄转速的增大而减小，随清选风向角度的增大呈先减小后增大再减小趋势；最优清选工作参数为清选风速4.19 m/s、清选风向30.3°、筛分振幅22 mm和曲柄转速218 r/min，籽粒损失率为2.02 %，含杂率为8.01 %。该研究为谷子联合收获机清选装置结构与工作参数设计提供参考。
Abstract:To decrease cleaning loss of foxtail millet combine harvest, air and screen cleaning device of millet harvester were analyzed by experiments． With airflow velocity, airflow direction, screening amplitude and crank speed as test factors, and kernel loss rate and impurity rate as test indicators, a cleaning test was conducted on threshed matter from air and screen foxtail millet cleaning device with adjustable parameters． Experimental results showed that kernel loss rate was increasing with increase of airflow velocity, vibrating amplitude and crank speed, and kernel loss rate showed trend of firstly increasing, then decreasing and then increasing with increase of airflow direction angle． Impurity rate was decreasing with increase of airflow velocity, vibrating amplitude and crank speed, and impurity rate showed trend of firstly decreasing, then increasing and then decreasing with increase of airflow direction angle． Optimal cleaning working parameters were recorded as that airflow velocity 4.19 m/s, airflow direction 30.3°, vibrating amplitude 22 mm, and crank speed 218 r/min, and then kernel loss rate was 2.02%, impurity rate was 8.01%． This research can provide reference for design on structure and working parameters of cleaning device for foxtail millet combine harvester．
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Keywords:
- foxtail millet /
- combine harvester /
- cleaning device /
- cleaning experiment /
- vibration sieve
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图 1 清选装置结构
1. 送料电机 2. 输送带 3. 挡板 4. 送料变频器 5. 振动筛变频器 6. 风机变频器 7. 防护篷 8. 振动筛电机 9. 可调曲柄 10. 筛箱 11. 清选室12. 籽粒收集箱 13. 毕托管 14. 毕托管支架 15. 风速仪 16. 风向调节装置 17. 空气导管 18. 进风口防杂网 19. 风机 20. 操作台
Figure 1. Structure of cleaning device
图 3 清选参数与籽粒损失率的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between cleaning parameters and kernel loss rate
表 1 清选装置技术参数
Table 1. Technical parameter of cleaning device
技术指标 参数 喂料部件输送带尺寸（长×宽×厚）/（mm×mm×mm） 4 200 ×500 × 2 物料输送速度调节范围/（m•s−1） 0～2.2 风机型号 DWF450S2-6型外转子双进风离心风机，流量12 000 m3/h，全压700 Pa，叶轮直径450 mm，电机功率4 kW，电压380 V，额定转速900 r/min 输出风速调节范围/（m•s−1） 0～25 风向角度调节范围/（°） 25～45 振动筛类型 双层筛，筛倾角5°，振动方向角6° 包架筛网尺寸（长×宽）/（mm×mm） 1 000×500 筛网型式 鱼鳞筛、编织筛、冲孔筛等 筛分振幅调节范围/mm 0～40 驱动机构曲柄转速调节范围/（r•min−1） 0～900 风速仪型号 DP2000型智能风速风压风量仪，便携式 毕托管型号 YCL-08-300，L型毕托管，外径8 mm，长度300 mm 防护篷尺寸（长×宽×高）/（m×m×m） 3.0×3.0×2.5，支架撑杆采用35 mm×35 mm方管 
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表 2 清选试验因素和水平
Table 2. Cleaning test factor and level
清选风速/
（m·s−1）清选风向/
（°）筛分振幅/
mm曲柄转速/
（r·min−1）4.0 25 20 170 4.5 30 25 200 5.0 35 30 230 5.5 40 35 260
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表 3 正交试验因素和水平
Table 3. Orthogonal test factors and levels
清选风速A/（m·s−1） 清选风向B/（°） 筛分振幅C/mm 曲柄转速D/（r·min−1） 4.0 25 20 170 4.5 30 25 200 5.0 35 30 230
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表 4 正交试验结果
Table 4. Orthogonal test results
序号 清选风速
A /（m·s−1）清选风向
B /（°）筛分振幅
C/mm曲柄转速
D /（r·min−1）损失
率/%含杂
率/%1 4.5 25 20 200 1.08 8.85 2 4.5 30 30 170 7.20 6.44 3 4.0 30 25 230 6.62 6.67 4 4.5 30 20 170 1.38 8.73 5 4.5 35 20 200 2.10 8.45 6 4.0 35 25 200 2.99 8.10 7 4.5 30 25 200 3.07 8.07 8 5.0 35 25 200 6.30 6.80 9 5.0 25 25 200 5.71 7.03 10 4.5 25 30 200 13.62 3.92 11 4.0 30 20 200 2.80 8.17 12 4.5 30 30 230 20.82 1.09 13 5.0 30 25 170 5.76 7.01 14 4.5 30 25 200 5.07 7.28 15 4.5 30 25 200 4.93 7.33 16 5.0 30 20 200 5.60 7.07 17 4.5 35 30 200 13.96 3.79 18 5.0 30 25 230 14.33 3.64 19 4.5 30 25 200 3.03 8.08 20 4.5 30 20 230 2.71 8.21 21 4.0 30 30 200 13.19 4.09 22 4.0 25 25 200 3.45 7.92 23 4.5 35 25 230 8.42 5.97 24 4.0 30 25 170 2.97 8.11 25 5.0 30 30 200 15.36 3.23 26 4.5 35 25 170 4.38 7.55 27 4.5 30 25 200 5.09 7.27 28 4.5 25 25 170 4.57 7.48 29 4.5 25 25 230 5.18 7.24
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