Comprehensive Utilization Analysis of Corn Straw Based on TRIZ TheoryTaking a New Energy Power Co., Ltd. in Qiqihar City as an Example
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摘要:
我国种植玉米每年都产生大量的玉米秸秆。虽然开发了多种玉米秸秆利用方式，但实践中仍存在不少问题，很多农户被动就地焚烧秸秆，带来巨大危害。根据秸秆处理需求与生产实际，探索玉米秸秆综合利用方法，变废为宝，具有重要价值。以齐齐哈尔市某公司为例，运用TRIZ理论，使用物理矛盾分析法、“物质−场”模型分析法、聪明小人法、技术矛盾分析法和裁剪法，分析了玉米综合利用过程中的矛盾点和着力点并付诸实践，为我国玉米秸秆处理提供了新思路。主要结论：鼓励有实力的公司在玉米秸秆产区建设分公司；重视应用创新；挖掘当地市场，延伸产业链条；以贴近农户为中心，提供符合农民利益的产品与服务。
Abstract:China's agricultural production produces a large amount of corn straw every year． At present, although a variety of utilization methods of corn straw have been developed, there are still many problems in practice． Many farmers burn passively on site, which brings great harm． According to demand and production practice of straw treatment, it is of great value to explore treatment methods of corn straw and turn waste into treasure． Taking a company in Qiqihar City as an example, using TRIZ theory, using physical contradiction analysis method, "material and field" model analysis method, villain method, technical contradiction analysis method and cutting method, contradictions and focus points in process of corn comprehensive utilization were analyzed and put into practice, providing a new idea for treatment of corn straw in China． Main conclusions were as follows: encourage companies with strength to build branches in corn straw production areas, pay attention to application innovation, explore local market and extend industrial chain, provide products and services in line with farmers' interests by centering on farmers．
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Keywords:
- corn straw /
- TRIZ theory /
- full value utilization /
- biomass energy
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图 1 玉米秸秆综合利用因果分析与矛盾分析
Figure 1. Causal analysis and contradiction analysis of comprehensive utilization of corn straw
图 2 玉米秸秆高效处理的“物质-场”模型
Figure 2. "Matter and field" model for efficient treatment of corn straw
图 3 TRIZ理论“聪明小人法”分析发酵残留物处理
Figure 3. Analysis of fermentation residue treatment by TRIZ theory
图 5 玉米秸秆综合利用技术路线
Figure 5. Technical route for comprehensive utilization of corn straw
表 1 TRIZ物理矛盾及其解法
Table 1. Physical contradiction and solutions of TRIZ
物理矛盾解法 操作方法 时间分离 将矛盾双方在不同时间段进行分离 空间分离 将矛盾双方在不同空间分割 条件分离 将矛盾双方在不同的条件下分离 系统级别分离 将矛盾双方在不同系统级别中分离 
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表 2 运用物理矛盾分析解决玉米秸秆综合利用方案
Table 2. Using physical contradiction analysis to solve comprehensive utilization scheme of corn straw
方案 具体解决方式 原理 方案1 先将产生的玉米秸秆暂存到不影响耕种的地方，日后统一处理（本文案例已采用） 时间分离 方案2 秸秆处理机构根据加工能力，提前与农户联系排定收购计划，指定时间收购（本文案例已采用） 时间分离 方案3 在大面积玉米种植地点，就近处理（本文案例已采用） 空间分离 方案4 在方案3的基础上，鼓励农民作为员工参与到处理机构运作中，降低成本，提高运行效率（在案例中未采用，但仍有借鉴意义） 系统级别分离
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表 3 运用技术矛盾分析解决技术问题
Table 3. Using technical contradiction analysis to solve technical problem
改善的工程参数 恶化的工程参数 解决原理 形状 操作流程的方便性 动态化；抛弃与修复；气动或液压结构；柔性壳体或薄膜
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表 4 运用技术矛盾方案
Table 4. Solutions of using technical contradiction analysis
解决方案 动态性 方案1 搅拌器改为上下浮动（采用） 方案2 搅拌器正反转结合（采用）
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