Effects of Different Seedling Tray Specification on Growth Characteristics of Tobacco Seedlings
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摘要:
为完善烤烟小苗移栽模式下烟苗培育技术，以育苗孔物理参数为基础，研发不同规格育苗盘，比较其对烟苗生长的影响，优选出更具有应用价值的育苗盘参数。结果表明，育苗孔上表面积较CK降低18.70%～54.41%，育苗盘孔密度较CK增加21.21%～102.02%，育苗孔规格改变对烟苗农艺性状影响显著发生在封盘后，育苗孔容积降低幅度超过56.92%，烟苗根鲜质量、根干质量则显著降低，根系活力较CK显著下降，降低幅度达10.17%，叶片MDA含量明显增加，较CK高146.44%，抗逆性降低。小苗移栽模式下，在CK基础上，将育苗孔容积减小（幅度＜56.92%）、育苗盘孔密度增加（幅度＜77.78%）是可行的。结合育苗成本，建议在可烟区推广应用上孔径2.41～2.54 cm×2.18～2.35 cm、下孔径1.5 cm×1.5 cm、孔深4 cm、孔密度315～352孔/盘的育苗盘（长×宽为60 cm×40 cm）。
Abstract:To improve and perfect seedling technology for transplanting mode of small tobacco seedlings, based on physical parameters of seedling holes, effect of seedling tray specification on growth of seedlings was analyzed to optimize parameters of seedling tray． Results showed that, compared with CK, upper surface area of seedling hole decreased by 18.70%～54.41%, seedling tray's hole density increased 21.21%～102.02%． Change of seedling hole specification had significant effect on agronomic characteristics after covering tray, volume of seedling hole decreased by more than 56.92%, fresh weight and dry weight of roots decreased significantly, root activity decreased significantly by 10.17% compared with CK, content of MDA in leaves was significantly increased, 146.44% higher than CK, stress resistance decreased． Based on CK, it was feasible to reduce volume of seedling hole（range less than 56.92%）and increase density of seedling hole（range less than 77.78%）． Combined with seedling cost, upper aperture 2.41～2.54 cm × 2.18～ 2.35 cm, lower aperture 1.5 cm×1.5cm, hole depth 4 cm, seedling tray's hole density 315 ～ 352 holes, seedling tray's length and width 60 cm × 40 cm, which could be suggested to be popularized and applied in tobacco-growing area．
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Keywords:
- seedling tray /
- seedling holes /
- physical parameters /
- optimization /
- seedling transplanting /
- tobacco
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图 1 小苗移栽时不同处理根系集中范围
Figure 1. Length of main root system of different treatments when transplanting with small seedlings
图 2 小苗移栽时不同处理对烟苗根系活力的影响
Figure 2. Effects of different treatments on root activity when transplanting with small seedlings
图 3 小苗移栽时不同处理对烟苗叶片叶绿素SPAD值的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll SPAD of leaves when transplanting with small seedlings
图 4 小苗移栽时不同处理对烟苗叶片MDA的影响
Figure 4. Effects of different treatments on MDA of leaves when transplanting with small seedlings
表 1 育苗孔参数设计及排列方式
Table 1. Parameter design and arrangement of seedling tray’s hole
处理 上孔l×w/（cm×cm） 下孔a/cm 孔深h/cm 排列 CK 3.31×3.02 2.0 5 11行，18孔/行；198孔/盘 A 3.01×2.70 2.0 5 12行，20孔/行；240孔/盘 B 2.70×2.54 1.5 4 14行，20孔/行；280孔/盘 C 2.54×2.35 1.5 4 15行，21孔/行；315孔/盘 D 2.41×2.18 1.5 4 16行，22孔/行；352孔/盘 E 2.18×2.09 1.5 4 16行，25孔/行；400孔/盘 
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表 2 育苗孔规格变化及其对育苗盘物理参数的影响
Table 2. Change of seedling hole size and its influence on physical parameters of seedling tray
处理 育苗孔 育苗盘 上表面积/cm2 上表面积变化/% 下表面积/cm2 容积/cm3 容积变化/% 孔密度/（孔·盘−1） 密度变化/% 容积/ cm3 CK 9.996 0 4.00 33.87 0 198 0 6705.47 A 8.127 −18.70 4.00 29.71 −12.26 240 21.21 7131.36 B 6.858 −31.39 2.25 17.38 −48.68 280 41.41 4866.96 C 5.969 −40.29 2.25 15.85 −53.21 315 59.09 4991.18 D 5.254 −47.44 2.25 14.59 −56.92 352 77.78 5135.33 E 4.556 −54.42 2.25 13.34 −60.60 400 102.02 5337.60
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表 3 苗盘不同规格对烟苗农艺性状的影响
Table 3. Effects of different specifications of seedling tray on agronomic characters of tobacco seedlings
测量次数 处理 茎高/cm 茎秆直径/cm 茎叶鲜质量/（g·株−1） 茎叶干质量/（g·株−1） 根鲜质量/（g·株−1） 根干质量/（g·株−1） 1 CK 0.398 7a / 0.167 9a 0.005 3a 0.044 5a 0.001 8a A 0.396 0a / 0.168 3a 0.005 3a 0.046 5a 0.001 7a B 0.398 0a / 0.167 2a 0.005 3a 0.043 3a 0.001 7a C 0.398 7a / 0.168 6a 0.005 4a 0.047 2a 0.001 7a D 0.395 3a / 0.169 3a 0.005 4a 0.048 5a 0.001 7a E 0.398 0a / 0.167 3a 0.005 3a 0.046 7a 0.001 7a 2 CK 1.186 0a 0.230 0a 0.947 4a 0.043 5a 0.165 4a 0.007 8a A 1.210 7a 0.220 2a 0.949 8a 0.043 7a 0.165 2a 0.007 8a B 1.196 7a 0.230 1a 0.948 1a 0.043 6a 0.163 8a 0.007 8a C 1.208 7a 0.229 0a 0.984 8a 0.043 6a 0.170 4a 0.007 7a D 1.196 7a 0.229 3a 0.990 9a 0.043 7a 0.173 4a 0.007 8a E 1.202 0a 0.229 3a 0.967 0a 0.043 7a 0.164 7a 0.007 8a 3 CK 2.639 3a 0.337 3a 1.745 7a 0.099 3a 0.375 2a 0.021 4a A 2.658 7a 0.335 3a 1.784 1a 0.089 9a 0.353 7a 0.019 3a B 2.816 0a 0.332 0a 1.723 9a 0.096 4a 0.372 4a 0.021 0a C 2.818 0a 0.327 3a 1.685 4a 0.093 6a 0.381 3a 0.020 9a D 2.819 3a 0.328 0a 1.661 2a 0.090 6a 0.373 1a 0.020 7a E 2.876 0a 0.326 7b 1.530 2b 0.083 0b 0.352 7a 0.018 9a 4 CK 4.328 0b 0.382 7a 4.173 8a 0.236 7a 0.539 3a 0.033 9a A 4.401 3b 0.373 3ab 3.888 2ab 0.206 1ab 0.540 2a 0.033 8a B 4.546 0b 0.374 0ab 3.662 9b 0.199 9b 0.538 9a 0.033 6a C 4.704 0b 0.366 7b 3.558 8b 0.191 2b 0.536 5a 0.033 2a D 4.970 7a 0.354 7b 3.228 4c 0.172 6c 0.489 1a 0.029 9a E 5.182 7a 0.351 3b 3.052 4c 0.160 7c 0.400 1b 0.024 2b 注：“/”表示未测量，小写字母为5%差异显著水平。
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