Abstract: In response to development trend of China's aquaculture industry and current harmless treatment methods for dead livestock and poultry, advantages and disadvantages of various treatment methods were systematically analyzed, and it was proposed that aerobic composting has potential for sustainable development．By elaborating on principle and development process of aerobic fermentation composting technology, it was determined that container type composting system was the most suitable for fertilizer treatment of dead livestock and poultry．At the same time, a classification study was conducted on structure and performance of composting reactors at home and abroad, and a matching application plan for breeding scale and technical equipment was proposed．Finally, based on actual situation in China, it was proposed that fertilizer treatment and utilization of dead livestock and poultry was future development direction, which could promote stability of breeding industry healthy development, has great significance for protection of ecological environment．