Abstract: To explore effects of bacterial fertilizer application on morphological characteristics of Long pepper under different water conditions, a two-factor field experiment of water management and bacterial fertilizer application was conducted with "Long pepper No.11" as research object．Three soil moisture gradients were set for whole growth periods: W₁ with 45%～55% field capacity, W₂ with 55%～65% field capacity, W₃ with 65%～75% field capacity, and three bacterial fertilizer application gradients: F₀ with 0 g/m² fertilizer application, F₁ with 3 g/m² basal application and equal amount of bacterial fertilizer in later period, F₂ with 6 g/m² basal application and equal amount of bacterial fertilizer in later period．A total of nine combinations of water management and fertilizer application were set up to measure plant morphology（plant height, stem diameter, leaf area）, fruit morphology（fruit length, fruit shoulder width, fruit thickness）, and yield of Long pepper．Results showed that W₃ treatment was beneficial to morphological development of plant and fruit．Application of bacterial fertilizer under different water conditions had different effects, but all had positive effects on morphological characteristics and yield of Long pepper．There was a threshold for application amount of bacterial fertilizer, and F₁ treatment had the best overall performance．Under all water and bacteria fertilizer management, W₃F₁ treatment performed the best．In study area, a combination of water and fertilizer with a soil water content of 65%～75% field capacity, a basal application of 3 g/m² and an equal amount of bacterial fertilizer during flowering and fruiting was the best cultivation method．