Abstract: Xinjiang is the largest cotton producing area in China, and its planting area and output rank first in China．As main by-product of cotton, cotton straw is an important agricultural renewable resource．How to use it reasonably and efficiently is an urgent problem to be solved．Resources status of Xinjiang cotton stalks, using methods and existing problems was summarized, and development direction and countermeasures were put forward．The aim is to provide reference for improving utilization rate of cotton straw, increasing income of cotton growers, and promoting diversified and comprehensive utilization of cotton straw．At the same time, it could provide new ideas for promoting quality, efficiency, and sustainable development of Xinjiang's cotton industry．