Abstract: In order to reveal effects of natural factors and their interaction on temporal and spatial changes of vegetation in Kaidu River Basin, using NDVI as research index, combined with 11 natural factors, using linear regression analysis method and geographic detector model, temporal and spatial variation and its driving forces of NDVI in the Kaidu River Basin from 2001 to 2020 were analyzed．Results showed that NDVI in study areas showed an increasing trend, middle and high vegetation cover areas improved significantly from 2001 to 2020．The NDVI was high in the west and low in the east, transformation of low and middle vegetation cover to middle and high vegetation cover was obvious．DEM had the highest explanatory power（40.3%）, it dominated spatio-temporal pattern of NDVI． Natural factors had interactive effects on NDVI, especially interaction between soil type and slope had the strongest influence．The mode of interaction was dominated by bivariate enhancement and nonlinear enhancement effects．Range and type of factors suitable for vegetation growth in the study area was analyzed, which could provide useful reference for local vegetation restoration measures．