Industry Status and Product Quality Analysis of Domestic Harvester
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摘要:
我国收获机械通过引进、仿制和创新，逐步发展成熟，目前正处于市场深度调整、产业创新转型及产品升级换代的关键阶段。介绍了收获机械的产业政策、产品种类、标准体系、市场情况和发展趋势。统计分析稻麦联合收获机和玉米联合收获机历年国家监督抽查合格率，以及国家监督抽查中存在的主要不合格检验项目，归纳总结了收获机械国家监督抽查产品质量整体情况，分析收获机械国家监督抽查存在不合格问题的主要原因，并对收获机械行业发展提出针对性建议。
Abstract:Domestic harvester has gradually developed and matured through initial introduction, imitation, and innovation．At present, harvester industry has been in a new stage of market depth adjustment, industrial innovation and transformation, and product upgrading．Industrial policy, product variety, standard system, market situation and development trend of harvesting machinery were introduced．Through statistical analysis of state supervision and sampling check qualification rate of rice-wheat combine harvester and maize combine harvester over the years and main unqualified inspection item, overall quality of harvester products under national supervision and random inspection was summarized．Main causes of unqualified harvesting machinery in state supervision and sampling inspection were analyzed, and specific suggestions for development of harvester industry were put forward．
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Keywords:
- harvester /
- product quality /
- national supervision sampling check
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表 1 稻麦联合收获机历年国家监督抽查合格率
Table 1. Qualified rate of rice-wheat combine harvester national supervision checking of past years
抽查年份 抽查企业数/家 合格企业数/家 抽查合格率/% 1999 14 12 85.7 2000 27 12 44.4 2001 54 32 59.3 2002 49 39 79.6 2003 48 34 70.8 2004 50 38 76.0 2005 47 43 91.5 2006 53 49 92.5 2007 56 52 92.9 2008 47 45 95.7 2010 46 43 93.5 2012 30 30 100 2017 27 26 96.3 2018 15 15 100 2021 21 19 90.5 
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表 2 玉米联合收获机历年国家监督抽查合格率
Table 2. Qualified rate of maize combine harvester national supervision checking of past years
抽查年份 抽查企业数/家 合格企业数/家 抽查合格率/% 2013 26 20 76.9 2014 30 24 80.0 2015 24 22 91.7 2016 29 28 96.6 2017 7 7 100 2018 16 16 100 2022 21 19 90.5
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表 3 稻麦联合收获机检验项目合格率
Table 3. Qualified rate of inspection items of rice-wheat combine harvester
序号 项目名称 合格率/% 2017年 2018年 2021年 1 挂装式茎秆切碎器 100 100 88.9 2 后视镜及喇叭 100 100 95.2 3 动态环境噪声 96.3 100 95.2 4 操作者位置处噪声 70.4 100 95.2 5 梯子、扶手 77.8 80.0 61.9 6 割台传动系分离机构 96.3 100 100 7 座位 100 93.3 95.2 8 驾驶室内部空间尺寸 100 100 87.5
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表 4 玉米联合收获机检验项目合格率
Table 4. Qualified rate of inspection items of maize combine harvester
序号 项目名称 合格率/% 2017年 2018年 2022年 1 运动部件 100 100 95.2 2 发动机启动和停机 100 100 90.5 3 动态环境噪声 85.7 93.8 85.7 4 操作者位置处噪声 71.4 75.0 66.7 5 操纵机构 100 100 95.2 6 梯子、扶手 100 75.0 85.7 7 割台传动系分离机构 85.7 100 85.7 8 座位 100 100 95.2
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