Fine Climate Division of Cotton Planting in Shawan City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Based on GIS
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摘要:
利用沙湾市及周边15个气象站点1980—2020年气候资料和地理信息数据，通过Arcgis10.0空间分析技术将新疆维吾尔自治区1∶50000高程数据转成分辨率为100 m×100 m的数字高程，通过地统计回归和反距离权重等方法构建≥10 °C积温、无霜期、7月平均气温等指标与地理因子的空间分析推算模型，结合棉花区划指标等级，计算得到沙湾市棉花种植精细化气候区划。结果表明，研究区可划分为适宜棉区、次适宜棉区、风险棉区和不适宜棉区4个分区。适宜棉区主要分布在沙湾市海拔490～600 m的乌奎高速公路北部附近地带，包括安集海镇、三道河子镇、乌兰乌苏镇和蘑菇湖水库附近的平原地区；次适宜棉区主要分布在沙湾市海拔600～700 m的乌奎高速公路南部附近地带；风险棉区主要分布在沙湾市海拔700～800 m的乌奎高速公路南部的山前倾斜平原；不适宜棉区主要分布在沙湾市海拔高度800 m以上的南部山区。研究成果可为当地农业种植布局调整提供科学依据。
Abstract:Based on climate data and geographic information data of Shawan City and its surrounding 15 meteorological stations from 1980 to 2020, the 1∶50000 DEM data in Xinjiang was converted into a resolution of 100 m× 100 m by using ArcGIS10.0 spatial analysis technology digital elevation, by using methods such as geostatistical regression and inverse distance weighting, a spatial analysis and calculation model was constructed for indicators such as accumulated temperature ≥10 °C, frost free period, and average temperature in July, as well as geographical factors, combined with cotton zoning index level, refined climate zoning for cotton planting in Shawan City was calculated．Zoning results indicated that it was divided into four zones: suitable cotton area, sub suitable cotton area, risk cotton area, and unsuitable cotton area．Suitable cotton areas were mainly distributed in the northern area of Wukui Expressway between 490 m and 600 m above sea level in Shawan County, including plain area near Anjihai Town, Sandaohezi Town, Wulan Wusu Town and Mushu Lake Reservoir．The sub-suitable cotton area was mainly distributed near southern part of the Wukui Expressway at an altitude of 600 m to 700 m in Shawan County．The risk cotton area was mainly distributed in piedmont sloping plain in south of the Wukui Expressway in Shawan County with an altitude of 700 m to 800 m．Non-cotton areas were mainly distributed in southern mountainous areas of Shawan County with an altitude of more than 800 m．Research results could provide scientific basis for adjustment of local agricultural planting layout．
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Keywords:
- cotton /
- GIS /
- refinement /
- climate zoning /
- Shawan County
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表 1 棉花气候区划指标
Table 1. Cotton climatic zoning indicators
分区 主导指标 辅助指标 农业意义 （霜前花）/% ≥10 °C积温/
（ °C•d）7月平均气温/ °C 无霜冻期/d ≥15 °C持续日数/d ≥20 °C积温/
（ °C•d）最适宜棉区 ≥3800 ≥26 ≥185 ≥140 ≥2200 ≥85 适宜棉区 3600～3800 25～26 170～185 130～140 2000～2200 80～85 次适宜区 3450～3600 24～25 160～170 120～130 1600～2000 60～80 风险棉区 3175～3450 23～24 150～160 110～120 1400～1600 30～60 不适宜棉区 ＜3175 ＜23 ＜150 ＜110 ＜1400 ＜30 
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