Abstract: Conservation tillage is one of important measures to improve soil water storage and moisture retention capacity and increase crop yield．Long term experimental monitoring was conducted on soil moisture content of different cultivation layers and growth changes of winter wheat crops．Impact of water changes in different soil tillage layers on crop growth was analyzed．A comparison was made between economic, social, and ecological benefits of conservation tillage mode and traditional tillage mode．A conservation tillage technology model suitable for straw mulching and returning to field in Wuyang County, Henan Province was explored．Results showed that with increase of implementation years of conservation tillage technology, growth environment and drought/flood situation of crops showed different effects．Under deep loosening operation mode, soil moisture content was the highest at a depth from 10 to 20 cm, reaching 15.3%, impact on tidal soil was secondary．Average soil moisture content of deep loosening and no tillage sowing mode with a depth from 0 to 10 cm and from 10 to 20 cm was 14.2% and 16.1%, respectively．Different homework modes had the least impact on sand ginger black soil, with a large number of secondary roots in crops, a well-developed root system of about 12.5 cm, an average of 7.3 tillers, and uniform individuals．The longer the years of implementing conservation tillage for winter wheat, the more significant soil moisture and yield increase effect．