Regional Experiment on Early Maturing Machine-picked Cotton Varieties in Northern Xinjiang
-
摘要:
为了早熟机采棉花品种和品系优良品质的传承，在北疆10个地区选取12个早熟机采棉品种进行区域试验。结果表明，12个品种出苗−吐絮期平均121.1～125.2 d，标准偏差±1.5 d，早熟属性明显；10个试验区棉花全生育期113.9～141.7 d，标准偏差±8.1 d。吐絮期整齐度B10表现最佳；B07籽棉产量最高，比B00（CK）增产4.8%；B09皮棉与霜前皮棉优于其他品种，比B00分别增产10.0%和9.7%；品种间皮棉产量经方差分析及
t 检验达到极显著水平。皮棉产量排名为B09＞B06＞B05＞B10＞B03＞B07＞B08＞B11＞B00＞B04＞B02＞B01。与B00相比，B05、B06在10个试验区中全部增产，其余10个品种在不同区域的产量有增有减。纤维品质检测综合评比，B04和B00为优质棉Ⅰ型标准，B02、B11、B05、B10、B06、B08、B09、B01和B03为普通优质Ⅱ型标准；B07为品质Ⅲ型标准。区域试验结果表明，B09、B06和B05品种可在北疆地区推广栽培。Abstract:In order to inherit good quality of early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties and strains, 12 early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties from 10 regions in Northern Xinjiang were selected for regional experiments．Results showed that growth period of 12 varieties was 121.1 ～ 125.2 d, standard deviation was ±1.5 d, and early attribute was obvious．Cotton growth period of 10 experimental areas was 113.9 ～ 141.7 d, standard deviation was ±8.1 d．Uniformity of B10 in batting stage was the best．B07 seed cotton yield was the highest, 4.8% higher than B00（CK）．B09 lint cotton and frosted lint cotton were superior to other varieties, increasing yield by 10.0% and 9.7% compared with the control, respectively．Yield of intervariety lint cotton reached a significant level by variance analysis and
t test．Lint cotton output ranked as B09 > B06 > B05 > B10 > B03 > B07 > B08 > B11 > B00> B04 > B02 > B01．Compared with B00, yield of B05 and B06 increased in all 10 experimental areas, while yield of other 10 varieties increased or decreased in different areas．Comprehensive evaluation of fiber quality detection, B04 and B00 were excellent cotton type Ⅰ standard, B02, B11, B05, B10, B06, B08, B09, B01, B03 were ordinary high quality type Ⅱ standard; B07 was quality Type III standard．Regional experimental results showed that, B09, B06 and B05 varieties could be popularized and cultivated in Northern Xinjiang． -
表 1 早熟棉花品种参试品种与编号
Table 1. Trial variety and number of early maturing cotton varieties
编号 品种名称 编号 品种名称 B00 新陆早61 B06 新石K33 B01 新M606 B07 中新1601 B02 盛棉10号 B08 金垦1775 B03 石大棉268 B09 新农早129 B04 金垦1861 B10 金早1号 B05 新石K38 B11 H1537 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 试验区参试单位
Table 2. Test units in experimental area
参试单位 试验区简称 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农科所 第七师 新疆生产建设兵团第五师农科所 第五师 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 玛纳斯 石河子棉花研究所 石河子 新疆大有赢得种业有限公司 第八师 新疆惠远种业股份有限公司 惠远 新疆金丰源种业沙湾试验站 沙湾 新疆精河县农业技术推广中心 精河 新疆农垦科学院棉花所 农垦院 伊犁州农科所 伊犁
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 各个试验区早熟机采棉出苗-吐絮生育期
Table 3. Growth period of early maturing machine-picked cotton seedling-batting in each experimental area
单位：d 品种 试验区 平均 第七师 第五师 惠远 精河 玛纳斯 第八师 农垦院 沙湾 石河子 伊犁 B00 120 112 128 119 115 114 123 126 129 140 122.6 B01 123 116 130 115 124 120 126 122 133 143 125.2 B02 121 112 131 115 119 121 121 123 131 144 123.8 B03 116 112 127 118 114 114 121 125 123 141 121.1 B04 119 112 128 118 114 118 122 121 126 140 121.8 B05 120 115 127 120 120 114 125 129 124 140 123.4 B06 119 115 129 117 119 117 124 125 125 140 123.0 B07 120 115 128 117 116 119 123 127 130 142 123.7 B08 122 111 127 116 116 116 125 128 126 143 123.0 B09 119 116 133 115 118 117 123 125 130 144 124.0 B10 125 117 129 117 122 123 125 128 126 140 125.2 B11 117 114 131 117 121 121 127 125 130 143 124.6 平均 120.1 113.9 129.0 117.0 118.2 117.8 123.8 125.3 127.8 141.7 —
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 早熟机采棉品种各发育期、整齐度和生长势
Table 4. Development stage，uniformity and growth potential of early-maturing machine-picked cotton varieties
品种 发育期/d 整齐度 生长势 出苗−开花 开花−絮期 出苗−吐絮 苗期 花期 絮期 苗期 花期 絮期 B00 64 59 122.6 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.8 B01 67 59 125.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 B02 66 58 123.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.5 B03 63 59 121.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.2 B04 64 59 121.8 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.8 B05 67 57 123.4 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.7 B06 67 57 123.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.6 B07 65 60 123.7 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.9 B08 64 60 123.0 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 B09 65 60 124.0 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 B10 66 60 125.2 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.4 B11 64 61 124.6 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.5
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 早熟机采棉品种试验农艺性状测试参数
Table 5. Test parameters for agronomic characters of early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties
品种 第1果枝节位/cm 第1果铃高度/cm 株高/cm 果枝数/台 单株铃数/个 铃质量/g 籽指/g B00 5.9 20.4 75.3 7.0 6.1 5.7 10.3 B01 6.2 21.0 68.6 6.7 5.5 5.9 10.8 B02 5.7 17.5 67.3 6.9 5.8 5.8 10.6 B03 6.0 21.4 71.9 7.4 6.6 6.1 9.7 B04 5.9 19.5 74.4 7.1 6.5 5.5 9.9 B05 6.3 23.1 76.0 6.6 6.5 5.7 9.4 B06 6.4 24.3 76.7 6.7 6.4 5.4 9.4 B07 6.2 20.6 74.3 7.0 5.8 5.4 10.2 B08 6.2 20.9 73.0 7.2 6.6 5.7 10.2 B09 6.3 22.6 76.4 7.3 6.7 5.7 9.3 B10 5.8 18.1 68.2 6.6 5.9 5.1 9.9 B11 5.2 17.6 65.8 7.0 5.6 6.5 10.3
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 早熟机采棉品种产量表现
Table 6. Yield performance of early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties
品种 籽棉产量 皮棉产量 霜前皮棉产量 霜前花率/% 衣分/% 相比B00增减点数 单产/
（kg·hm−2）相比B00/% 单产/
（kg·hm−2）相比B00/% 单产/
（kg·hm−2）相比B00/% B00 5 508.0 100 2 223.0 100 2 200.5 100 99.0 40.4 — B01 4 702.5 85.4 2 097.0 94.4 2 085.0 94.8 99.4 45.0 2增8减 B02 5 113.5 92.8 2 173.5 97.8 2 166.0 98.5 99.6 42.8 6增4减 B03 5 130.0 93.1 2 334.0 105.0 2 316.0 105.3 99.0 45.4 9增1减 B04 5 155.5 93.6 2 190.0 98.5 2 154.0 97.9 98.4 42.4 8增2减 B05 5 707.5 103.6 2 439.0 109.7 2 397.0 108.9 98.3 43.0 10增0减 B06 5 767.5 104.7 2 442.0 109.9 2 400.0 109.1 98.4 42.7 10增0减 B07 5 770.5 104.8 2 331.0 104.9 2 305.5 104.8 99.0 40.7 6增4减 B08 5 463.0 99.2 2 302.5 103.6 2 254.5 102.5 97.8 42.0 9增1减 B09 5 650.5 102.6 2 445.0 110.0 2 413.5 109.7 98.8 43.5 9增1减 B10 5 554.5 100.8 2 413.5 108.6 2 370.0 107.8 98.3 43.7 8增2减 B11 5 034.0 91.4 2 223.0 100.0 2 188.5 99.5 98.5 44.0 7增3减
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 早熟机采棉品种皮棉产量方差分析
Table 7. Variance analysis of lint cotton yield of early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties
变异来源 自由度 平方和 均方 F值 P值 试点内区组 20 2.333 0.117 1.236 0.227 品种 11 18.757 1.705 18.073 0.000 试点 9 109.436 12.160 128.880 0.000 品种×试点 99 146.602 1.481 15.695 0.000 误差 220 20.757 0.094 总变异 359 297.884 注：误差变异系数CV= 6.675%。
下载: 导出CSV
表 8 早熟机采棉品种间皮棉产量与对照差异显著性测验
Table 8. Test of significant difference between lint cotton yield and control among early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties
品种 皮棉产量/（kg·hm−2） 0.05显著性 0.01显著性 B00 2 223.0 c DE B01 2 097.0 d F B02 2 173.5 cd EF B03 2 334.0 b BC B04 2 190.0 c EF B05 2 439.0 a A B06 2 442.0 a A B07 2 331.0 b BC B08 2 302.5 b CD B09 2 445.0 a A B10 2 413.5 a AB B11 2 223.0 c DE 注：LSD0.05 =0.1570；LSD0.01 = 0.2062。
下载: 导出CSV
表 9 早熟机采棉品种纤维品质检测结果
Table 9. Test results of fiber quality of early maturing machine-picked cotton varieties
品种 长度/mm 整齐度/% 比强度/（cN·tex−1） 马克/隆值 伸长率/% 反射率/% 黄度 纺纱均匀指数 类型 B00 31.5 87.0 34.7 4.1 6.3 80.5 8.4 179 Ⅰ B01 30.3 84.8 32.0 4.4 6.5 80.6 8.0 155 Ⅱ B02 33.2 86.5 31.7 4.1 6.7 81.0 7.9 170 Ⅱ B03 30.0 85.3 31.4 4.6 7.2 80.5 8.4 153 Ⅱ B04 31.6 86.7 32.9 4.0 6.4 80.6 8.2 173 Ⅰ B05 30.9 86.6 30.2 4.4 7.9 81.7 7.9 160 Ⅱ B06 30.6 86.4 30.6 4.4 7.7 80.9 7.8 159 Ⅱ B07 30.1 86.4 33.2 5.1 6.8 80.3 8.4 159 Ⅲ B08 30.6 86.1 31.6 4.2 6.7 82.0 7.9 164 Ⅱ B09 30.4 86.4 30.5 4.5 7.6 81.4 8.0 158 Ⅱ B10 30.7 86.9 31.9 4.5 7.7 82.0 7.9 165 Ⅱ B11 32.8 85.6 30.4 3.8 7.1 81.5 8.1 165 Ⅱ
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 邓亚辉,宁硕.新疆机采棉发展现状及一些问题解决与展望[J].棉花科学,2020,42(5): 26 - 29 .DENG Yahui,NING Suo.The status quo of the development of mechanical cotton picking in xinjiang and the solutions and prospects of some problems[J].Cotton Sciences,2020,42(5): 26 - 29 . [2] 梁亚军,李雪源,龚照龙,等.新疆快速发展机采棉前后存在的问题比较及对策[J].棉花科学,2017,39(2): 2 - 5 . [3] 苏亚丹,杨红,董芳,等.机采棉推广背景下新疆生产建设兵团采棉工需求的变化趋势及预测[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(10): 223 - 231,184 .SU Yadan,YANG Hong,DONG Fang,et al.Variation trend and forecast of cotton-picking workers' demand under the extension background of machine-harvested cotton in xinjiang production and construction corps[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(10): 223 - 231,184 . [4] 马辉,戴路,田立文,等.不同种植模式对新疆南疆机采棉性状的影响及投影寻踪综合评价模型构建[J].中国棉花,2020,47(6): 17 - 20,22 .MA Hui,DAI Lu,TIAN Liwen,et al.Effects of different planting patterns on the traits of machine picking up cotton and construction of comprehensive evaluation model based on projection pursuit method[J].China Cotton,2020,47(6): 17 - 20,22 . [5] 李孝华,王扬,赵倚天.新疆机采棉加工工艺对棉花质量的影响[J].中国棉花,2021,48(8): 22 - 25 .LI Xiaohua,WANG Yang,ZHAO Yitian.Influence of the processing technology on fiber property of Xinjiang machine-harvested cotton[J].China Cotton,2021,48(8): 22 - 25 . [6] 辛明华,王占彪,韩迎春,等.新疆机采棉发展回顾、现状分析及措施建议[J].中国农业科技导报,2021,23(7): 11 - 20 .XIN Minghua,WANG Zhanbiao,HAN Yingchun,et al.Review,status and measures of xinjiang machine-picked cotton[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2021,23(7): 11 - 20 . [7] 王香茹,韩焕勇,张恒恒,等.北疆早熟优质机采棉栽培技术规程[J].中国棉花,2021,48(1): 34 - 36 .WANG Xiangru,HAN Huanyong,ZHANG Hengheng,et al.Cultivation technology regulation of early-maturity and high-quality machine-harvested cotton in northern Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2021,48(1): 34 - 36 . [8] 刘欣,刘元春.棉花收获机械的现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程,2017,7(5): 17 - 19 .LIU Xin,LIU Yuanchun.Current situation and development trend of cotton harvesting machinery[J].Agricultural Engineering,2017,7(5): 17 - 19 . [9] 韩俊伟,唐震超.2019年中早熟棉花品种(系)比较试验[J].新疆农垦科技,2019,42(11): 3 - 5 . [10] 张素新,贺奇志,刘晓乐.新疆北疆奎屯垦区机采棉优质常规品种筛选[J].现代农村科技,2021(2): 69 - 70 . [11] 崔延楠,韩文婷,聂志勇,等.不同密度下三种打顶方式对棉花株型结构及产量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2018,55(11): 1968 - 1976 .CUI Yannan,HAN Wenting,NIE Zhiyong,et al.Effects of three topping methods on cotton plant structure and yield at different densities[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2018,55(11): 1968 - 1976 . [12] 周永萍,杜海英,田海燕,等.不同种植密度对棉花生长结铃及产量品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4): 95 - 99 .ZHOU Yongping,DU Haiying,TIAN Haiyan,et al.The influence of different planting densities on growth and yield of cotton[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2018,32(4): 95 - 99 . [13] 朱晓平,罗鹏,张静,等.新疆东部地区机采棉不同品种与密度配置对产量的影响[J].棉花科学,2020,42(5): 40 - 44 .ZHU Xiaoping,LUO Peng,ZHANG Jing,et al.Effects of different cotton varieties and aensity on yield in eastern Xinjiang[J].Cotton Sciences,2020,42(5): 40 - 44 . [14] 白岩,毛树春,田立文,等.新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术评述与展望[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(1): 38 - 50 .BAI Yan,MAO Shuchun,TIAN Liwen,et al.Advances and prospects of high-yielding and simplified cotton cultivation technology in Xinjiang cotton-growing area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(1): 38 - 50 . [15] 张焕裕.作物农艺性状整齐度的研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2005(4): 33 - 36 .ZHANG Huanyu.The study progress of the regularity degree of crop agronomic traits[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2005(4): 33 - 36 . [16] 魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999. [17] 张哲,卢锐,杜梦旗,等.不同机采棉花品种农艺性状与品质性状研究分析[J].农业与技术,2022,42(6): 1 - 5 . [18] 赵战胜,丁变红,吴新明,等.新疆早熟棉区不同品种机采棉机采性状的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(21): 252 - 254 . [19] 李新裕,陈玉娟,扬志芳.机采棉品种(系)比较试验[J].塔里木农垦大学学报,2000,12(2): 22 - 23 . [20] 刘凤学.棉花果枝始节位与气温日较差的关系[J].中国棉花,1995,22(5): 18 - 19 . [21] 李继辉,向导,陈泳帆,等.北疆早熟机采棉品种筛选与区域试验研究[J].湖北农业科学,2022,61(15): 15 - 19 .LI Jihui,XIANG Dao,CHEN Yongfan,et al.Research on selection and regional test of cotton early maturing machine-harvested cultivars in Northern Xinjiang[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2022,61(15): 15 - 19 . -
下载: 
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 26
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0
京公网安备 11010502037498号
